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Volume 76, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Shigemi KONDO, Naotake SATO, Toshihiko YAMADA, Sakiko MIYAZAKI, Toyoko ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 231-237
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antibiotic activity demonstrated by P. aeruginosa (Bacillus pyocyaneus) has been reported more than one hundred years ago by Emmerich et al (1899). Studies on such bacterial interference between P. aeruginosa and other pathogenic bacteria or fungi have not been extensively reported in recent years. In this paper, we report on the anti MRSA activity and anti Candida activity demonstrated by clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (34 strains).
The antibiotic activity was tested by reversed agar plate method, as previously reported, and the degree of the activity was expressed as the diameter of the zone of growth inhibition. The stability of both anti MRSA activity and anti Candida activity was evaluated at the time after 24 and 48-hr incubation. Also the effect of agar plate with or without 5% sheep blood on antibiotic activity was evaluated. Strong anti MRSA activity and anti Candida activity was shown at the time after 24-hr incubation. At the time after 48-hr incubation, anti MRSA activities were significantly suppressed but anti Candida activities were persisted. The inhibitory activity was correlated with dye production of P. aeruginosa. Some strains having non or weak dye production, showed the inhibitory activity by 48-hr incubation. Result from these strains without suppression of and Candida activity by additional blood may suggest that the existence of a new factor produced by P. aeruginosa.
Because of frequent isolation of MRSA or Candida from clinical materials, we must consider bacterial flora and bacterial interference against pathogenic bacteria at the time of the antibiotic choice for the patients infected or colonized with P. aeruginosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
Chihiro KATSUKAWA, Aki TAMARU, Yoshiro MORIKAWA, Kimiko ODA2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 238-245
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESST-agglutination typing and M protein gene (emm) typing were determined on the isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes taken from patients in Osaka and neighboring districts during 1996-2000.
A total of 701 isolates were classified to 15 kinds of T types and type untypable. In all isolates, T12 was revealed as the most dominant serotype, followed by T1, T4 and T2. The isolation rates of T12 strains were high through these five years, and these of Ti or T4 strains formed epidemic waves showing the peak to be from 1997 to 1999 and 1998 to 2000, respectively. These of T2 strains were high in 1996 and 1997 and decreased rapidly. In 2000 T2 strain has not been detected.
A total of 304 isolates were examined for emm typing. We are able to determine the emm type of all isolates including T-untypable (UT) isolates and to classify 21 kinds of emm types. Ti, T2, T4, T6, T9, T11, T12, T22, T25 strains exhibited one T-type and emm type pattern association respectively such as Tl/emm1, T2/emm2, T4/emm4, T6/emm6, T9/emm9, T11/emm11, T12/emm12, T22/emm22, T25/emm75. Whereas T13 strains had varied T/emm pattern associations such as T13/emm73, T13/emm77, T13/emm101. Similarly, T28, TB3264, UT had varied T/emm pattern associations. emm28 andemm87 were seen in T28, emm89 and emm94 in TB3264, emm2, emm12, emm22, emm58, emm75, emm77and emm112 in UT.
The emm typing method did not require many kinds of M typing antisera, and were successful by using the two highly conserved primers to amplify the emm gene and direct sequencing. Therefore, this method was a useful tool for typing Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.View full abstractDownload PDF (1340K) -
Tatsuya NAKAMURA, Naohiro SHIBATA, Yohei DOI, Kazuyuki OKUDA, Chiyo NA ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 246-253
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfection caused by metallo β-lactamase (MBL)-producing bacteria have been increasingly reported in Japan in recent years. We investigated the prevalence, clinical backgrounds and molecular epidemiology of MBL-producing Serratia marcescens strains isolated from blood cultures at our university hospital between 1991 and 2000. Forty-three S. marcescens strains were isolated in the period, and the incidence reached about 2% total bacteria detection in 1998 and 1999. There were 13 ceftazidimeresistant strains (31%), and five of them produced MBL. MICs of imipenem (IPM) were 4-16mg/ml, of which one strain was susceptible to IPM. Of the five MBL-producers, four were obtained from a tertiary emergency ward, the underlying diseases being either serious trauma or cerebrovascular diseases. The other was isolated from a patient who underwent kidney transplantation. S. marcescens was no longer isolated from patients after administration of aztreonam (AZT), implying that AZT was clinically effective. When analyzed genetically using the AP-PCR technique, the patterns were identical among strains isolated in 1996, 1997 and 1998 and those isolated in 1999 and 2000 respectively, suggesting that the same strains may have inhabited the hospital wards for prolonged periods. Countermeasures against nosocomial infection was undertaken thereafter, resulting in reduction of isolation frequency. It cannot be excluded that the resistant bacteria spread as the amount of carbapenem consumption increased. Prudent use of antibiotics is mandatory to prevent further dissemination of such MBL producers.View full abstractDownload PDF (3910K) -
Kaori SATOH, Masaru KOMATSU, Koichi SHIMAKAWA, Toshiro URA, Shohiro KI ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 254-262
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the susceptibility to penicillin G (PCG) and other antimicrobiotics in 235 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Samples were collected between April 1 and June 30, 2000 from nine medical institutions of the Kinki Region of Japan. We classified the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PCG according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Stanards (NCCLS) criteria. The overall rate of all types of S. pneumoniae resistance was 53.2% (penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP): 46.8%, penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP): 42.6%, penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae (PRSP): 10.6%). In other antimicrobiotics, the resistance (R) /intermediate susceptibility (I) rates (R/I%) were as follows: ceftriaxone, 28.9%; cefotaxime, 7.7%; imipenem, 8.9%; meropenem, 9.8%; clarithromycin, 82.6%; clindamycin, 42.1%; levofloxacin, 0.4%; vancomycin, 0%.We used the polymerase chain reaction to study the mutations of the penicillin-binding proteins pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x in 140 strains of S. pneumoniae in the MIC for PCG was<0.5μg/ml. Among the 109 strains of PSSP, 32 (29.4%) had no mutation and 77 (70.6%) showed mutation of more than one of the pbp mutations. Among the 31 strains of PISP, only 1 strain (3.2%) was not mutated. Since 70.6% of the strains classified as PSSP had pbp mutations, S. pneumoniae clearly can acquire resistance to anti-microbiotics. In the future, a comprehensive surveillance of S. pneumoniae is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1187K) -
Masahide KAJI, Aya WATANABE, Hisamichi AIZAWA2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 263-268
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElderly people have a high risk for influenza and the existence of central neurological disease is also considered to be a high risk factor for to causing pulmonary complications because of misswallowing. One hundred and forty one elderly patients (60 years or older) were observed. As control 243 cases were also inoculated with one dose of the same vaccine. Thirty-five out of the 243 control received a 2nd dose. After one vaccination the rise of HI titer (percentage of cases with>40 and GMT) was good enough to be effective in both elderly patients and controls. No significant differences between elderly patients and the control group were observed. Booster effects by 2nd vaccination were not revealed. No serious side effects were noted in all cases throughout the study. In conclusion, influenza vaccine was well treated among the patients with neurological diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Keiko TAYA-TANAKA, Satoru ARAI, Ayako HASEGAWA, Nob ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 269-274
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRisk of measles exportation from Japan is of concern regarding the FIFA World Cup 2002 (WC 2002), which will be held in Korea and Japan in June, 2002. During January 1999 through June 2001, the number of reported exportation cases from Japan was 7 to Australia and 22 to the United States. During the same time, a total of 2.13 million and 14.69 million people traveled between Japan-Australia and Japan-US, respectively. Based on an estimated number for travelers during the WC 2002 (420, 000-432, 000) announced by the Japanese Ministry of Transportation, we estimated the number of travelers for Japan-Australia and Japan-US would be 16, 000 and 109, 000 respectively. We analyzed the risk of measles exportation to Australia (PAU) and the United States (PUS) regarding travel for the WC2002 by assumption that measles exposure and transmission would be similar with the usual setting: P=1-[1-(reported exported measles/number of travelers)] estimated nmmber of traveiers The risk was estimated as PAU=0.051 and PUSs=0.15, however, the results could be higher, because the peak of measles usually lies during May through June and exposure of the virus among young population during the soccer watch would be denser. Through immunization to one-year-old Japanese children is highly needed, as well as strengthening of international measles surveillance especially after the WC2002.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Shigeru MATSUSHITA, Maho KAWAMURA, Tadayuki OKITSU, Shin SATA, Tetsuno ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 275-279
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive Shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of five sporadic imported diarrheal cases in Japan during 1999-2001, did not react to any antisera of the established Shigella serovars.
These strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella boydii, and were biochemically identical. All strains were positive in a PCR assay and a cultured-cell invasion test for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans.
The results of antigenic analysis revealed that they did not belong to any of the recognized or provisional serovars, and were serologically indistinguishable. Strain SM00-27 is designated as the test strain for this new S. boydii serovar.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Hiroshi SAKATA2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 280-284
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween September 1999 and August 2001, we studied serotypes to capsular antigen, betalactamase production, mutation of penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes by PCR method, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 13 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from spinal fluid or blood in children. Diseases of patients were meningitis in 11, pneumonia in 1, and laryngitis in 1. The age range of the patients was from 26 days to 5 years. The serotypes of all strains were b. Four of the 13 strains were beta-lactamase-positive. The mutation of genes of pbp3 was revealed from 4 isolates and 2 of the strains were beta-lactamase-positive. MICs of ampicilin to beta-lactamase-negative strains ranged from 0.125 to 1μg/eml and those to beta-lactamase-positive were more than 32μg/ml. MICs of 2 strains of beta-lactamase-negative and mutation-positive were 0.5 and 1μg/ml. The excellent active antimicrobials in our study was cefotaxime (MIC90 0.06μg/ml), meropenem (MIC90 0.125μg/ml), ceftazidime (MIC90 0.25μg/ml), and cefepime (MIC90 0.25μg/ml).View full abstractDownload PDF (813K) -
Yoshio MIWA, Masakado MATSUMOTO, Reiji HIRAMATSU, Mitsugu YAMAZAKI, Hi ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 285-290
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntimicrobial susceptibility was examined using 89 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 isolates obtained from diarrhea patients in Aichi Prefecture, Japan between June 1996 and June 1997. Among the 89 isolates, 15 (16.9%) were found to be resistant to 6 of 9 antibiotics examined. These 6 antibiotics were ampicillin (ABPC), cefaloridine (CER), chloramphenicol (CP), kanamycin (KM), streptomycin (SM), and tetracycline (TC). Among the 15 drug-resistant isolates, 7 were resistant to 4 drugs (ABPC, CER, SM, TC), 3 were resistant to 3 (ABPC and 2 of CER, SM, TC), 2 were resistant to 2 (SM, TC), one each to KM or SM. Another isolate showed resistance to 5 drugs (ABPC, CP, KM, SM, TC). Selected 13 drug-sensitive and selected 12 multi-drug resistant isolates were tested for the presence of plasmids. All of the drug-sensitive isolates had 54 MDa plasmid and the majority (8/13) had 2.0 MDa plasmids, whereas; all of the drug-resistant isolates except one (1/12) had 54 MDa plasmid and the majority had 8.0 MDa (9/12) and 4.2 MDa (11/12) plasmids. The first transformation test revealed that plasmids of 8.0MDa (3/4) and 46 MDa (1/4) were transferred to a donor cell with ABPC resistance. 54MDa plasmid was transferred to a donor cell with both of ABPC and TC resistance. In the second transformation test, only the 8.0 MDa plasmid was confirmed to be transferred to a donor cell with ABPC resistance. Accordingly, it was indicated that the ABPC resistant gene was carried on 8.0 MDa plasmid, and it was suggested that resistant genes for ABPC and TC, and ABPC were carried on 54 MDa, and on 46 MDa plasmids, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Akinobu SAITO, Reiko ONO, Yutaka SHIBATA, Yoshiko HAMADA, Masanori YAM ...2002 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 291-292
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (280K)
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