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Volume 78, Issue 8
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Naoki KAWAI, Norio IWAKI, Takashi KAWASHIMA, Ietaka SATOH, Takeshi SHI ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 8 Pages 681-689
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe highest body temperature and clinical symptoms during the influenza infection were analyzed on 2, 145 patients with influenza, (type A: 1, 408cases, type B: 737cases: confirmed by a rapid diagnosis kit, Capilia FluA, B), and for 670 patients with a negative response to the rapid diagnosis kit (controls). The study was a multi-center study of the 2002-2003 influenza season.
The percentages of patients with fever over 38°C, 38.5°C and 39°C were significantly higher in influenza A than in influenza B or controls (16-64yrs). Over 80% of the patients in all age groups of 0-6yrs, 7-15yrs, 16-64yrs or over 64yrs with influenza A or B had a cough. The percentage of patients with cough was significantly higher for patients with influenza A or B than for controls under 65yrs. The percentages of influenza A or B patients with rhinorrhea or loss of appetite were significantly higher than in controls under 65yrs.
The percentage of patients reporting fatigue, headache or myalgia was significantly higher for influenza A than for controls of 16-64yrs. Differences in symptoms, including fever, were minimal between influenza A and B patients under 16yrs, and also among influenza A, B and controls in patients over 64yrs. The percentage of patients with cough was not different among the three age groups by influenza A or B. However, the percentage of patients with rhinorrhea, loss of appetite, vomiting or diarrhea was higher in children under 16yrs than in adults aged 16-64yrs in influenza A or B.
In conclusion, consideration must be given to the patient's age and the type of influenza when doing a symptomatic diagnosis of influenza. In addition, the use of a rapid diagnosis kit seems necessary for the diagnosis of influenza in elderly patients, who may have no specific symptoms of influenza.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Michiyo ITAGAKI, Yutaka SHIRAKI, Makiko YAMADA, Mitsuo TOKORO, Hidemas ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 8 Pages 690-698
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined a total of 151 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains isolated in Gifu Prefecture during the period from April 2000 to March 2003 by using bacteriophage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Bacteriophage typing classified them into twelve phage types (PT) and RDNC (reacted but did not conform). The predominant phage type was PT47 (34.4%) followed by PT1 (21.9%), PT4 (16.6%) and RDNC (11.3%). XbaI-and BlnI-digested PFGE analyses identified 17 and 44 PFGE patterns, respectively, indicating that PFGE with BlnI had more discriminating power than that with XbaI. Combination of the phage types and PFGE types of BlnI could make 53 subtypes. Some isolates with the same phage type were subdivided into different PFGE types, but those with PT47 were not. PT47 isolates were derived from sporadic patients with gastroenteritis, food poisoning outbreaks and healthy carriers through the years. This suggests that PT47 is highly clonal and disseminates over our prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (4597K) -
Hainian YAN, Tuan Anh NGUYEN, Tung Gia PHAN, Shoko OKITSU, Yan LI, Hir ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 8 Pages 699-709
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus are considered to be significant global enteropathogens associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive assay is preferred to screen for the presence of these viruses in diarrheal fecal specimens. In a previous study, we developed a reverse transcription single-round multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT-smPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of norovirus (genogroup I, genogroup II), sapovirus and astrovirus in fecal specimens (Yan et al., 2003). Recently, we developed another RT multiplex PCR for one-step amplification of all subgenera A to F adenoviruses, and group A and C rotaviruses. In this study, a total of 207 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between December 2001 and April 2003 in Yunnan Province, China were examined for the presence of adenoviruses, and group A and C rotaviruses, by RT-multiplex PCR. The detection rate of these three viruses was 55.1% (114 out of 207 specimens), among which adenovirus and group A and C rotaviruses were identified in 11, 101 and 1 fecal specimen, respectively. Furthermore, one specimen was found to be positive for co-infection with adenovirus and group A rotavirus. An epidemic of acute gastroenteritis was also identified as peaking mainly in October and November.
Taken together, our results clearly indicate that this novel assay provides a potentially rapid and convenient tool for epidemiologic investigation of diarrhea caused by adenovirus and group A and C rotaviruses.View full abstractDownload PDF (4667K) -
Katsunori FURUHATA, Motonobu HARA, Shin-ichi YOSHIDA, Masafumi FUKUYAM ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 8 Pages 710-716
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the inhabitation of Legionella spp.in hot spring water in various regions in Japan. The following results were obtained.
1) Of 710 hot spring water samples nationwide, Legionella spp.was isolated from 204 samples (28.7%), covering all 47 prefectures. By region, the isolation rate was the highest at 31.0% in the Chugoku district, while the isolation rates in Hokkaido, Kinki, and Kyushu were low, ranging from 25.0 to 26.2%. The rate in Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, and Shikoku districts was 28.6-30.7%. Regarding the isolation rate by pH of hot spring water, the isolation rate was 4.9% at pH 3 or lower, but 34.8% at pH 3.1-7.5.When pH was 7.6 or higher, the isolation rate was 24.8%.
2) Most frequently, the number of bacteria detected was below 102CFU/100ml (98 samples, 48.0%). The count was between 102 and 103CFU/100ml in 71 samples (34.8%), and between 103 and 104CFU/100ml in 29 samples (14.2%).In 6 samples (2.9%), the count was higher than 104CFU/100ml.
3) Among the isolates identified, L.pneumophila was the predominant species, and particularly, serogroups 1 and 5 were frequently isolated.
The above findings clarified that although the number of the bacteria is low, Legionella spp.inhabits hot spring water throughout Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1208K) -
Comparison of Detection Rate of BIVR with or without CZXYasuko HOSOSAKA, Hideaki HANAKI, Izumi HAYASHI, Kiyoko KAMIBEPPU, Keis ...2004 Volume 78 Issue 8 Pages 717-721
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, β-lactam antibiotic induced vancomycin-resistant MRSA (BIVR) has been reported in-creasingly in Japan. Between 1998 and 2002, we tried to detect BIVR from 500 strains of MRSA in a cancer hospital. And the difference of the detection rate under condition of pre-culture with or without ceftizoxime was compared. The detection rate of BIVR under condition of pre-culture with 1.0mg/L of ceftizoxime was 20.4% (102/500), and without ceftizoxime was 9% (45/500). That of preculture with 1.0mg/L of ceftizoxime was higher than those without ceftizoxime with the significant difference.(p<0.001; McNemar-t examination). In comparing each department, the detection rate of BIVR from Chemotherapy, Head & Neck, and Urology department was 33.3%, 27.0%, and 20.0%, respectively. These results mean that addition of beta-lactam as ceftizoxime in pre-culture induces the ability of resistance to vancomycin for MRSA having a capacity as BIVR.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K)
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