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Volume 79, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Eiji YOKOYAMA, Kenji KOIWAI, Masako UCHIMURA2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 307-313
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo compare between biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 and genotype using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 9 classical and 81 El Tor biovar strains were investigated for hemolysis, agglutination of avian erythrocytes. VP test reactivity, sensitivity to both polymyxin B and classical phage IV, and genotype using PCR amplification of hlyA, tcpA, rtxA and rtxC. One classical biovar strain showed atypical reaction upon agglutination of avian erythrocytes. Eighteen El Tor biovarstrains showed atypical reactions, with the exception of sensitivity to polymyxin B. By PCR detection of hlyA, rtxA and rtxC amplifications, all classical biovar strains possessed only classical type hlyA, while all El Tor biovar strains possessed El Tor type hlyA, rtxA and rtxC. By PCR analysis of amplicons, all classical biovar strains possessed classical type tcpA. One ctx-negative El Tor biovar strain possessed degenerated classical type tcpA and 4 ctx-negative El Tor biovar strains had no detectable tcpA.
These results indicated that genotype of V. cholerae O1 using PCR detection of hlyA, rtxA and rtxC was consistent with biotype of the organism, suggesting that analysis of the genotype of the organism was as effective as by biochemical properties. However, PCR detection of hlyA is most appropriate for the biotyping of V. cholerae O1, as compared to biochemical properties, since El Tor biovar was originally distinguished from classical biovar strains by the hemolytic reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (3638K) -
Hiroshi NAKAJIMA, Mitsugu YAMAZAKI, Hideaki KARIYA, Ritsuko OHATA2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 314-321
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty four patients out of 78 Cambodia tourists (31%) suffered from diarrhea and/or abdominal pain. Though the stools of 20 patients were examined in some local health centers and institutes, well-known pathogens were detected in only a low level and the cause of the outbreak remained unclear. We suspected the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) as a cause of this outbreak. We examined E. coil strains isolated from stools of 8 patients (Okayama: 7, Aichi: 1) at first by the PCR method targeted both the aggR and the astA genes related to the virulence factors of EAggEC. As a result. the E. coli strains with positive aggR and/or astA genes were isolated from 8 patients. And the E. coli strains with positive both aggR gene and clump formation isolated from 3 patients adhered aggregatively to HEp-2 cells and accordingly identified as EAggEC. The plasmid profiles, PFGE patterns and drug resistance patterns of these EAggECs agreed completely. From these results, we concluded that at least 3 patients were infected with EAggEC of the same origin. Though we could not examine all samples from 20 patients, it is possible that the still uncommon EAggEC might be a cause of the outbreak. The E. coli strains with positive aggR gene did not always aggregatively adhered to HEp-2 cells. So we recommend to perform stepwise EAggEC screening tests by the PCR and the clump formation, and final confirmation test by the aggregative adhesion to HEp-2 cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (5221K) -
Tadashi SHIRAISHI, Mikiko NAKAGAWA, Yoshito NAKAGAWA, Makoto TOMINAGA, ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 322-328
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor infection control against measles, rubella, mumps and varicella-zoster viruses in the hospital. it is important to assess the immunity of the medical staff against those viruses and to achieve high immunocompetence in the medical staff by vaccination. We estimated the specific antibodies against measles, rubella, mumps and varicella-zoster viruses by ELISA in 686 care workers (240 men. 446 women) of Yamagata University Hospital. The members (frequencies) without antibodies for each virus were 59 (8.6%) for measles virus, 68 (9.9%) for rubella virus, 104 (18.2%) for mumps virus and 5 (0.7%) for varicella-zoster virus. The ratios of positive antibodies, especially against rubella and mumps viruses, were higher among women than men. To see the relationship between the immunity and age, we studied the numbers without antibodies by dividing the persons by age. The numbers of negative IgG for measles virus were 45 (17.5%) in the persons age of 21-30, 8 (4.3%) in 31-40, 4 (2.4%) in 41-50 and 2 (2.7%) in over 51. The numbers of negative IgG for rubella virus were 21 (8. 2%) in the persons age of 21-30, 22 (11.7%) in 31-40, 22 (13.2%) in 41-50 and 3 (4.1%) in over 51. The numbers of negative IgG for mumps virus were 35 (13.6%) in the persons age of 21-30. 39 (20.7%) in 31-40, 22 (13.2%) in 41-50 and 8 (10.8%) in over 51. The numbers of negative IgG for varicella-zoster virus were 4 (1.6%) in the persons age of 21-30 and 1 (0.5%) in 31-40. The rate of the persons without antibodies but who had received vaccination in the past were the following: 46% for measles virus, 21% for rubella virus and 21% for mumps.
The results of antibodies were informed individually and the persons without antibody against each virus were recommended to receive a vaccination for each virus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Koichiro YOSHIDA, Yoshihito NIKI, Keiji MOHRI, Yuichiro MORI, Yasushi ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 329-340
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe detected non-specific reactions in the measurement of (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels (β-glucan) in plasma, and the influences of the non-specific reactions on sensitivity and specificity of measurement methods were examined. In this study, 460 plasma samples from 174 patients at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital were used, and the plasma β-glucan levels were measured by different four methods. The methods included the dilution-heating-endpoint (DHE), dilution-heating-turbidimetric (DHT) alkaline-kinetic (AK), and alkaline-endpoint method (AE) with and without 4-amidinophenyl benzoate hydrochloride (APB) of a protease inhibitor blocking the Limulus reaction. Non-specific reactions were detected from the calculated value under conditions with APB. Therefore, both of the actual values and the values equivalent to non-specific reactions were calculated. The incidence of nonspecific reactions was 2.4% in DHE method, 0% in DHT, 53.3% in AK, and 99.3% in AE. The sensitivity and specificity in the methods were 35.7% and 96.0%, 28.6% and 96.0%, 78.6% and 80.1%, and 57.1% and 84.1%, respectively. When subtracted the non-specific reaction values from the actual values in AK and AE method, the specificity was increased by 91.4% and 94.0%, respectively. In these two methods, the non-specific reaction was considered to be a major cause of the low specificity. Finally, to measure plasma β-glucan levels accurately, non-specific reactions should be excluded as possible by further improvement of measurement methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (1978K) -
Tetsuro INOUE, Eisaku TANAKA, Minoru SAKURAMOTO, Masayoshi MINAKUCHI, ...2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 341-347
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported three sisters of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. The oldest sister was complaining of bloody sputum, and cultures were positive for M. avium. By monotherapy with clarithromycin, symptom and imaging findings had shown no progression for six years. The second sister was complaining of productive cough, and cultures were positive for M. intracellulare. Her symptom and imaging findings had shown no progression for seven years without any treatment. The third sister had rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus, and cultures were positive for M. intracellulare. Although she received chemotherapy with rifampicin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, and kanamycin, symptom and imaging findings had progressed gradually. She died of respiratory failure four. years later. Autopsy findings revealed no disseminated MAC disease. The results which three cases showed different isolate patterns and clinical courses suggest the importance of underlying anti-mycobacterial immunological impairment and defects of local host defense rather than virulence of infected strains as the pathogenesis of pulmonary MAC disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (10538K) -
Noriko KOJIMAHARA, Akiko MAEDA, Naohito YAMAGUCHI2005 Volume 79 Issue 5 Pages 348-349
Published: May 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (320K)
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