感染症学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1884-569X
Print ISSN : 0387-5911
ISSN-L : 0387-5911
83 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
原著
  • 久保 健児, 千代 孝夫, 岡本 洋史, 松島 暁
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 639-646
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    【目的】髄膜炎菌の侵淫度が低い本邦では,急性感染性電撃性紫斑病(Acute infectious purpura fulminans ;AIPF)はまれであり,診断に至らない例が少なくないと思われる.そこでAIPF の臨床的特徴および本邦における原因菌について検討した.【方法】(A)2001 年から2008 年に当施設で経験したAIPF 6 例を後方視的に検討した.検討項目は,背景,発症場所,原因菌,症状,所見,治療,脾機能の推移,転帰とした.(B)医学中央雑誌(1983~2008 年),PubMed(1952~2008 年)を全年検索し,AIPF の原因菌として記載のあるものを集計した.【結果】(A)44 歳から69 歳で,男性5 例,女性1 例であった.5 例は市中発症で,脾臓摘出や免疫低下の病歴のない健常な成人で,4 例が肺炎球菌感染症,1 例がレジオネラ肺炎であった.1 例は院内発症で,グラム陰性桿菌疑い(エンドトキシン血症)であった.初期症状は気道,消化器症状を伴う発熱で,12~96 時間以内に全身の紫斑を呈し,臨床的にAIPF と診断した.6 カ月後死亡率は33.3%で,救命しえた4 例はいずれも二肢以上の切断を要した.来院時の脾臓の大きさは8~223cm3 と様々で,経時的に拡大または縮小した.(B)本邦で過去26 年間に新生児を除いたAIPF 報告は47 例あり,うち40 例が成人で,肺炎球菌が最多であった.57 年間のPubMed 集計では髄膜炎菌が最多であった.【結論】AIPF の原因は,海外では髄膜炎菌の報告が多いが,本邦では肺炎球菌が最多であり,成人に多く,四肢切断率,死亡率が高い.早期診断のポイントとして,脾機能低下がなく健常成人であっても,また感染巣が明らかでなくても,感冒様症状から急速に進行する全身の紫斑を見たら疑うことが重要である.
  • 坂田 宏
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 647-651
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    2006 年6 月から2008 年12 月までに,A 群溶血連鎖球菌(GAS)感染症が疑われ,咽頭培養からGAS が検出されることを2 回以上認めた例をGAS 反復感染例とし,それらの児から得られたGAS についてT 血清型とemm 遺伝子型別,PFGE 解析を実施して,その相同性を検討した.21 名の小児で,43 回のGAS 感染症を確認した.2 回感染が20 名,3 回感染が1 名であった.3 回感染の1 名では2 回目と3 回目も比較したが,菌のemm 型およびPFGE パターンが一致した例は11 名,一致しなかった例も11 名であった.初回と2 回目(1 名は2 回目と3 回目)の感染の期間は一致例が29.1±17.1 日,不一致例が215.2±187.8 日で有意差を認めた(p=0.0013).初回感染後8 週以内の再発例12 名中一致例は10 例であり,8 週以降では10 名中 1 名であり,有意差を認めた(p=0.0028).
  • 楯 英毅
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 652-657
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    化学療法の発達により腸腰筋膿瘍は減少し稀な疾患であると認識されていたが,最近では高齢者を中心に罹患者数が増加している.2005 年11 月から3 年間に当院において腸腰筋膿瘍と診断し,治療を行った11 例を対象に臨床的検討を行った.平均年齢は76.5 歳で,これまでの報告に比べ高齢者の占める割合が高くなっていた.疾患の原因としては化膿性脊椎炎など整形外科関連疾患が最も多かった.基礎疾患としては脊柱管狭窄症や腰椎椎間板ヘルニアなどの脊椎疾患が最も多く見られた.治療については11 例中6 例において抗菌薬のみで保存的に治療が可能であった.保存的治療群では確定診断時の膿瘍の平均直径が非保存的治療群に比べ有意に小さかった.早期発見により膿瘍が小さい段階で治療を開始することが保存的に治療を行う上で重要である.
症例
  • 池田 賢一, 園田 健
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 658-660
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We report a rare case of Reyeʼs-like syndrome associated with suspected pertussis infection. A 26-year-old woman admitted comatose and found in laboratory studies to have acute liver dysfunction, severe hypoglycemia and prolonged prothrombin time, was diagnosed with clinical Reyeʼs-like syndrome due to aspirin use. Her child was probably infected with pertussis, which she contracted and which,in turn, triggered Reyeʼs-like syndrome.
  • 太田 求磨, 加澤 敏広, 津畑 千佳子, 鈴木 道雄, 今岡 浩一
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 661-664
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a commensal bacterium from the carine mouth, causes septicemia in human beings through bites or scratches. We report a case of a 60-year-old man contracting septicemia due to C. canimorsus infection after a dog bite who died less than 12 hours after admission. We observed neutrophils with intracytoplasmic bacilli in the peripheral blood smear. We discuss clinical presentation and autopsy findings.
  • 正田 哲雄, 磯崎 淳
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 665-668
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    A 6-year-old boy admitted for empyema was found to have Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolated from both blood and drainage fluid. The organism had no mutated genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins and was susceptible to all antibiotics. Empyema caused by S. pneumoniae serotype 1 in childhood has not, to our knowledge, been reported in Japan. In many countries where nanovalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been introduced, serotype 1 frequency is especially high and empyema prevalence has increased. Monitoring of this S. pneumoniae serotype may be more important in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) than previously thought, especially in empyema, even after PCV7 is introduced in Japan.
  • 鈴木 圭, 関根 隆夫
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 669-672
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    A 67-year-old woman with acute Philadelphia-chromosome-positive mixed phenotype leukemia developed bilateral periorbital ecthyma gangrenousum (EG) subsequent to periorbital edema while undergoing combined imatinib mesylate (imatinib) chemotherapy. Although initial periorbital edema was considered an imatinib side effect, the lesion deteriorated rapidly with high fever in the neutropenic phase, and the woman died of septic shock. Cultures from blood and exudative fluid grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa,afterwhichEG was diagnosed. EG is a well-recognized emergent cutaneous infection most commonly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bactremia. Because some patients present with EG a few days prior to developing lifethreatening septicemia, it is important that EG be diagnosed correctly. Imatinib side effects such as edema are usually tolerable, and imatinib is widely used to treat Philadelphia-chromosome-positive leukemia, particularly in those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and neutropenic patients undergoing imatinib therapy are expected to increase in number. Delay in initiating appropriate therapy is correlated with poor outcome,so drug side effects and EG must be carefully differentiated when skin edema with surrounding erythema is noted in neutropenic patients undergoing imatinib therapy.
  • 小早川 義貴, 泉 陽子, 牛田 美鈴, 新納 教男, 越崎 雅行, 山森 祐治, 金子 栄, 福島 博
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 673-678
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We report a case of rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection and sepsis followed by a patientʼs death. We suspected Vibrio vulnificus infection because the patientʼs underlying disease was cirrhosis and the course extremely rapid. No microbe had been detected at death. We extracted DNA from a blood culture bottle. SYBR green I real-time PCR was conducted but could not detect V. vulnificus vvh in the DNA sample. Aeromonas hydrophila was cultured and identified in blood and necrotized tissue samples. Real-time PCR was conducted to detect A. hydrophila ahh1, AHCYTOEN and aerA in the DNA sample extracted from the blood culture bottle and an isolated necrotized tissue strain, but only ahh1 was positive. High-mortality in necrotizing soft tissue infections makes it is crucial to quickly detect V. vulnificus and A. hydrophila.We found real-time PCR for vvh, ahh1, AHCYTOEN,andaerA useful in detecting V. vulnificus and A. hydrophila in necrotizing soft tissue infections.
  • 中島 由紀子, 坂本 光男, 西 和男, 西尾 信一郎, 大曽根 康夫, 秋月 哲史, 野崎 博之
    2009 年 83 巻 6 号 p. 679-682
    発行日: 2009/11/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We report two cases of severe tetanus infection. Case 1 : A 73-year-old non-vaccinated man who fell in a local park developed a wound on the left little finger. The wound was debrided and a tetanus toxin shot given on day 4 following the injury. He developed trismus on day 6 requiring deep sedation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU), with human anti-tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and antibiotics administered. Despite a very severe autonomic dysfunction, he recovered and was discharged mobile after 2 months of rehabilitation. Case 2 : A 37-year-old woman fully vaccinated against tetanus in her childhood had apparently had booster vaccine for at least 20 years and was being treated for hyperthyroidism with thiamazole. She sustained two lacerations on the fingers of her right hand in her backyard. She noticed difficulty in opening her mouth on day 3 follwing the injury and was seen on day 7, for high fever and difficulty in speaking. She was diagnosed clinically as having tetanus and underwent wound debridement, and a shot of tetanus toxin, TIG,and antibiotics. On hospital admission day 2, she developed spasms and her blood pressure dropped drastically. She died the next day due to endotoxin shock caused by other bacteria. C.tetani is widely distributed in Japan, and these cases underscore the importance of maintaining adequate tetanus antibody levels through booster administration every 10 years in immune adults and appropriate post-exposure treatment with tetanus toxin and/or prophylactic TIG administration.
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