In this paper, we examined the meaning of Japanese modal adverbs OSORAKU/ TABUN, MASAKA and ZENZEN in the case of using a one-adverb sentence. Their features are as follows; OSORAKU/ TABUN: They mean "conjecture" in a non-one-adverb sentence and make sense that received the meaning of the previous sentence positively in a one-adverb sentence. MASAKA: It means "denial of the possibility that it may occur" in a non-one-adverb sentence. On the other hand, in the case of one-adverb sentence, it means that received the meaning of the previous sentence negatively. ZENZEN: It means "entirely (in both positive and negative)" in a non-one-adverb sentence, but it makes sense that received the meaning of the previous sentence negatively in a one-adverb sentence like MASAKA.

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The purpose of this study was to be examine the difference of motor ability between Japanese children and Dutch children. Of course it is appropriate that we learn from reports of the physical fitness in children which were analyzed by WHO and UNICEF. But the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in Holland never conduct motor ability test to elementary school boys and girls. Therefore, in this study we traveled to Holland and actually measured the motor ability of Dutch children by using "Japan Fitness Test". The obtained data by "Sports Test" were analyzed by factor analysis and were compared with Japanese children's data by t-test. The results were as follows; 1) It was suggested that there is no bias of Dutch children's motor ability (running-ability, jumping-ability, and throwing-ability) from the results of factor analysis. 2) It was indicated that superior the Dutch children's physique have strong static strength. 3) It was revealed that "agility" has a relation opposite to "flexibility" in Dutch children. 4) It has been suggested that the measurement of Japanese children on "side-steps" were significantly higher than Dutch children. On the other hand, it was revealed that the measurement of Dutch children on "grip-strength", "standing jump" and "50m-dash" were significantly higher than the Japanese children. It was not recognized that the measurement on "20m-shuttle run" and "long seat type body anteflexion" were not significantly different. 5) It was confirmed that the measurement of Dutch boys on "ball-throwing" was influenced by their experience. Therefore we need the examination of the validity of the standard of the sports test.

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Smartphones enable a safe and comfortable daily life. In this study, we investigated what general public need for smartphone applications to achieve a safe living environment. In order to develop an application, we focused on content, functions and user interface of the application. 288 participants filled out a questionnaire that asked them about six functions and five kinds of information about suspicious individuals. The results showed that older people preferred the application, and that those who thought they lived in a safe place preferred the application as well.

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This research note investigated body image of Vietnamese factory workers employed at the Japanese company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and compared with that of Japanese college students taking a sports management course. Body image was assessed a questionnaire in terms of body shape satisfaction and dieting experiences. Questions regarding their ideal body shape, own liking, liking of body shape of the other sex, and health conditions were answered by marking silhouettes. Three hundred ninety subjects (52 males and 338 females) participated in this study. The average BMI of the Vietnamese workers was significantly greater than that of the Japanese college students (20.2 vs. 22.7). Many Japanese wish to lose their weights but desirable weight were bigger(62.3kg) than Vietnamese(49.7kg). However, only 18.9% of Japanese had a dieting experience and 8.1% of Vietnamese. It is said that the three-fourths of Japanese girls believe Japanese boys like slimmer girls. This misunderstanding sometimes causes health problems in Japanese girls, and therefore, it is necessary to educate body image and good health. This investigation suggested that Vietnamese workers may have a healthier conception about their body images than Japanese, probably because of the social awareness and eating habits in Vietnam.

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