年報社会学論集

〈ためらう〉身体の政治学

内村鑑三不敬事件, あるいは国家の儀式空間と (集合的) 身体・論

赤江達也

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 1-12
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.1

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我々は衆人環視の中に一人毅然として屹立し礼拝を拒否せられた瞬間の先生の巨姿を思い浮べ、今尚戦慄を禁じ得ない。[関根1949: 6]

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都市と交通の近代

戦前期の東京駅を通して

田中大介

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 13-24
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.13

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This paper analyzes the relation between a city and its transportation in modern Japan through Tokyo station as an example of an ambiguous space. Tokyo station had been constructed in 1914 as a “terminal station” and center for a nationwide train transportation system. But in terms of Tokyo it became just one of many “through stations” in 1920s. This ambiguous character was manifest in the fact that while the capital city was made the center of the transportation system, that center was difficult for the masses to understand. It brought together too many people, things and signs and as a result compelled people to act mechanically.

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吃音矯正の歴史社会学

明治・大正期における伊沢修二の言語矯正をめぐって

渡辺克典

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 25-35
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.25

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This paper explores the development of common sense knowledge about stuttering correction. IZAWA Shuji (1851-1917) established the Rakuseki-Sha, one of the original organizations for stuttering correction in Japan. He was an advocator of “Japanese” education in the colonial government. His work on speech correction in Japan was a continuation of his research on “Japanese” education for language integration. His stuttering correction was not, however, a continuation of his “Japanese” education but was instead practice based on the scientific method (“Shiwa-Hou”). This paper shows that his speech correction was the application of practical ‘Knowledge’ about normal speech.

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日本における徴兵忌避を問うことの今日的意義

佐々木陽子

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 36-47
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.36

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This report suggests that reexamining draft evasion in the past carries some meaning for the present. For example, there is a pitfall in characterizing conscience-driven draft evasions based on religion or ideology as superior to draft evasion based on a fear of death. Draft evasion was one of the concealed problems in the postwar period. During the 15-year war, draft evaders were viewed as unpatriotic cowards who treasured their lives when the number of war causalities increased. In fact, it was the individual “egoism” of these evaders that the totalitarian state wished to eliminate. The issue of draft evasion still exists today as a clue to the investigation of the “Conflict between the individual and the nation” in the context of human lives.

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女性の国民化とジェンダー

戦前期日本の「家政学」分析から

波内知津

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 48-59
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.48

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of ‘the nationalization of women’ in prewar Japan. Based on poststructuralist gender theory, this process is identified with the gendering of ‘nation’ by the nation state and it entailed the creation of an understanding of the relationship between men and women as ‘nation’. Home economics in higher education had a certain role in this process. The conclusion here is that the process of the nationalization of women was not a simple matter but rather involved mediation by political considerations.

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「愛情」家族の教育戦略

教育投資, 愛情投資に対する性・出生順位の影響について

中西祐子

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 60-71
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.60

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This paper aims to consider the effect of gender and birth order on the educational strategy adopted by their family. Although the family is the first agent of socialization for children, the family does not socialize all children equally.
My colleague and I surveyed 1, 853 parents in Niigata, Tokyo, Fukuoka and Nagasaki in 2002. In this paper I use the data from parents of 4-year-old children, parents of 2nd grade students and parents of 5th grade students. I analyze the effects of gender and birth order on the educational strategy of parents. It is my finding that eldest children received more investment by their parents than younger ones. Eldest sons receive particularly high investment and are also most expected to undertake gendered roles in modern society.

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外見の美醜をめぐるアイデンティティの変容過程

顔にあざのある女性のナラティヴ分析

西倉実季

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 72-83
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.72

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the narratives of a woman participating in a self-help group for those with a facial disfigurement. I examine the process of how she temporally constructs and reconstructs a narrative identity based on appearance by make comparison with stories about facial surgery and love affairs. In so doing, I particularly emphasize that narrative identity is not something static but rather a changeable construct in which “the present is the conclusion.”

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要介護化と都市の空間性

東京二世とその老親の関係性をめぐる事例群から

西野淑美

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 96-107
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.96

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Infrastructures supporting life in cities enable the elderly and their children to stay intimate without propinquity. However, when old parents need nursing care, formerly compressed space becomes significant as they become dependent on proximity. Children who are expected to support their parents become partly bound by spatiality. They try to deal with the situation by seeking to be spatially unbound even as they are spatially bound. This contradiction involving spatiality suggests that the independence from proximity does not originate in some aspect of the city itself but is realized through the ability of the individual to overcome space and to search for better solution within the available choices.

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地域・福祉を浮上させる都市的機制

平井太郎

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 108-119
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.108

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In this article we will trace the mechanism in which the locality has been generated as a result of personal mobility. Our material is the motivation structure of participants in the community welfare movement in Setagaya-City since the end of the 1990's. Geographical mobility has cut people off from the family-kinship relationships that have provided for welfare in the past and promoted the formation of the alternative welfare provision including public services, market, and friendship. Among those who have established stable residency meaning the ownership of a house and land, we find the locality as a concrete and practical alternative relationship to that of family and kinship. We term this pattern re-settlement. It represents the reality of urban life in an era when the dichotomy between village or traditional society and urban society has lost meaning.

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「若者広場」設置活動にみる都市下位文化の新たな動向

「土浦駅西口広場」設置を求める若年層の諸実践から

田中研之輔

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 120-131
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.120

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This paper explores a new trend in urban subcultures, that of skateboarders seeking public space for their activities. Generally when youth subcultural groups use public spaces, station parks and urban squares, they are under the gaze of local residents or controlled by policemen and security guards. But, the case taken up in this paper progresses to a different situation. In particular, it is about the three-year long movement to acquire “Tsuchiura Station West Park” conducted by ten young skateboarders and a manager of a skateboard shop who conducted a campaign to collect signatures, presented a petition and engaged in various other activities in order to secure space for their activities. They were successful in that they were allowed to use “Tsuchiura Station West Park” for free, on the condition that this permission was granted only until the start of the urban redevelopment of the Tsuchiura station area.

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有機農業と生産者の観察力

成田・三里塚「循環農場」の事例から

舩戸修一

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 132-143
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.132

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Organic agriculture is farming without reliance on pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, it inherently requires the handwork of farmers and has therefore been considered as time-consuming and labor intensive. We must, however, remember that farmers are not unwilling to engage in organic farming. Organic agriculture occasionally fascinates them. This paper focuses on an organic farm in the Narita-Sanrizuka area, Jyunkan-Nohjyo (The Recycle-Based Farm) established by Hidemasa Koizumi and his wife, local farmers. By analyzing his documents and his narrative about the farm it becomes clear that organic agriculture is a movement by the farmer to restore his power to observe nature and to regain the pleasure that comes from making direct, positive contact with nature.

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「不登校」をめぐる政治

朝日新聞家庭面の分析から

加藤美帆

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 144-154
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.144

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This paper examines representations of “Futoko” [school refusers] and “Tokokyohi” [refusal to attend school] have changed since 1970. “Futoko” and “Tokokyohi” phenomenon presupposes schooling as one of the major devices of modernization. That is, representations of “Futoko” and “Tokokyohi” in public discourse have been part of a hegemonic link in modern and late-modern Japanese society. This paper analyzes articles about “Futoko” and “Tokokyohi” reported in the home and family section in Asahi Shimbun over 30 years. These discourse about “Tokokyohi” present it as a deviation from modern-family life, but treat “Futoko” as part of a tendency toward privatization. The privatized discourse about “Futoko” conceals structural factors that regulate the construction of it.

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「社会問題の社会学」再考

一つの解釈

藤巻祐規

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 155-165
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.155

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In 1977, Malcom Spector and John I. Kitsuse proposed for the study of the social problems focus on the activities of participants, which is well-known as “claims-making activities”. They also contended that social problems are to be conceived of as a topic for the sociological study in themselves. Although the focus on the activities is a significant proposal, with respect of the latter point, however, their proposal taken literally tends to deflecting attention from social problems as such. My contention is that what is lacking and what is needed is some clear notion of the relation between studying the activities of participants and the study of social problems as such. In addition, I tentatively sketch one possible notion of such relations.

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そこにある「ほんとうの現実」

スペインにおけるヒターノ (ジプシー) の呼称をめぐる社会問題という事例から

久野聖子

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 166-177
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.166

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The “social categorization” and normative judgments imposed by analysts or third parties sometimes conceal the reality surrounding each person who is actually “discriminated against”. It is also apparent in the unilateral movement to change the nomenclature for Gypsies to “Roma” without listening to the parties concerned. In order to reveal the “actual reality” surrounding us, therefore, it is necessary to elucidate what interactions exist between the persons at each position in the asymmetric “category placement”. The objective of this article is to clarify the problem Gypsies are faced with in their real life and the “actual reality” in the field by grasping the “asymmetric power” and “category placement” in our society and by listening to the parties concerned.

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北アイルランドの事例に見る多文化教育

新城文絵

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 178-189
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.178

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In this paper I address education in Northern Ireland a country marked conflict between segregated Protestant and Catholic communities. Although the educational system has been separate for the two communities, some new movements for reconciliation have appeared. What I focus on mainly is the Education for Mutual Understanding (EMU) and ‘integrated schools’. The main purpose of this paper is to consider these new efforts in the context of ‘multicultural education’. First, I provide an historical outline of education and schools in Northern Ireland. Second, I describe and analyse the tow movements. By examining these experiments, we gain a fresh perspective on new movements for multicultural education.

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都市部における若者の社会参加と文化活動

パリ郊外オーベルヴィリエ市の事例を通して

森千香子

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 190-201
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.190

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This study seeks to clarify how the forms of mobilization of young people have changed in urban deteriorated areas that are the locus of social problems such as youth unemployment or social exclusion, the consequences of post-industrialization and globalization of economy. Analysis of cultural associations composed by young actors in Aubervilliers, a former bastion of the labour movement, indicates that they find in cultural activities not only an economic and professional interest but also a social and collective dimension that cannot be ignored. Cultural activities provide original mechanisms for political expression, reveal new standards of social integration (especially for young people of immigrant origin) and show the way to emerging models of public participation in a political space where abstention has became, as in many industrialized countries, a major problem.

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滞日中国人男性の所得決定構造

出身国と日本の学歴効果の比較

竹ノ下弘久

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 202-213
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.202

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This paper aims to clarify the causal relationship between Chinese migrants' education and their income in Japan. I focus on the comparison between educational attainment in China and that in Japan. The result of my research shows that educational credentials obtained in Japan have a significant effect on the income of Chinese migrants and that there is a significant mutual relation between their Chinese and Japanese educational credentials in terms of income determination.

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「相互行為と場面」再考

授業場面の社会学的考察に向けて

五十嵐素子

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 214-225
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.214

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The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new approach to explicate the relation between interaction and its setting, especially for classroom studies. First, we introduce H. Mehan's studies about classroom organization as a typical argument and a comprehensive policy about approach for ‘institutional settings’. Second, we outline how J. Heap sees the perspective of Mehan's studies as a defective one, and show that the arguments have a point in common with S. Hester & D. Francis' criticism of the comprehensive policy. Third, we show how Heap develops the perspective of Mehan, and suggest the development as a ‘new approach’ that overcomes these defects. Then, we can recognize the significance of the ‘new approach’ for explicating classroom.

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M. ホルクハイマーの批判理論における矛盾の概念について

袰岩晶

2004 年 2004 巻 17 号 p. 226-236
発行日: 2004/08/10
公開日: 2010/04/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2004.226

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This paper considers the relation between M. Horkheimer's critical theory and Marxism with respect to the concept of contradiction. With respect to historical materialism, Horkheimer is regarded as having changed from an initially tentative positive attitude to one of denial. First, this paper begins with an overview of this change dividing Horkheimer's studies into two periods depending on whether he was positive or negative in his view of historical materialism. Second, two kinds of objections to Horkheimer's change are explored and criticized. Third, it is shown from the viewpoint of surplus value theory Horkheimer thought that the contradictions inherent in capitalism would not lead to emancipation from capitalism but to domination by capitalism and that human subjectivity would fall into crisis. Finally, it is demonstrated that these issues are part of continuity from Marx to Horkheimer.

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