The effect of repeated administration of Ph (8mg/100g/day, ip, for 4 days) and BC (50mg/100g/day, oral, 4 days) on the biliary excretion of ICG were examined in Wistar male rats under the continuous ICG infusion. Both treatments significantly decreased the rate of increase in plasma ICG concentration, and increased the bile flow rate compared with control rats. However, ICG concentration in bile was significantly decreased in both treated rat groups. ICG excretion rate was not increased in treated groups, rather showed the tendency to decrease, though insignificant at the p level of 0.05. The bile flow increase by treatment of these drugs does not appear to imcrease the excretion rate of ICG.

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With the purpose to investigate the acute condition of carrier of HRs-Ag and anti-HBs in Nepal, questionnaires, liverfuction tests and analises of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs, were performed in 154 subjects who lived in the city of Kathmandu and town of Pokhara, villages of Beni, Babychour, Darapani, Khivang and Muri and 31 members of Sherpa, The incidence of HBs-Ag in sera assayed by the methode of RIA and IAHA were 7.02% and 7.0%, respectively, whereas that of anti-HBs in the sera measured by RIA and PHA were 44.8% and 43.2%. These data suggested that about a half of the peaple examined was invaded by HB virus.
Although the carriers of HBs-Ag appeared in highest frequency between 10 and 20 years of age, but the occurence of anti-HBs seemed to be more dominant after 40 years old. The incidence of the carriers of HBs-Ag in a group with normal liver function was about 8%, whereas in a group with abnormal liver function it increased up to 11.7%, On the other hand, 26% of the carriers of HBs-Ag, 26.9% of the cases with anti-HBs, and 23.9% of the cases without HBs-Ag and anti-HBs showed abnormalities of the liverfuction tests.
In 12 cases, adw subtype of HBs-Ag was dermonstrated in 3 cases of Sherpa tribe, 3 cases of Tibet tribe, 1 case of Chetri tribe, and in 1 case of Gurung tribe, whereas adr subtype was found in only 1 casa of Newar tribe. There was no case showing of ayw in this study.

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To investigate the vascular structure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gelatine suspensions of ultrafine barium sulfate containing differing dyes, were injected into the hepatic artery and portal vein at the porta of 26 livers with HCC, removed at autopsy, and softroentgenograms, gross findings and histology were compared. In the tumor of hypervascularity as demonstrated by radiography, arterial tumor vessels were seen dilated, proliferating, forming blood spaces between tumor cells, and anastomosing with veins. In contrast, the hypovascular tumor was mainly supplied by arterial tumor vessels and surrounded by a thick capsule of connective tissue which was clearly demarcated from the surrounding nontumorous parenchyma, displacing the hepatic vessels.
Intravascular tumor thrombi were frequently seen in the portal branches forming arteriovenous anastomoses through the arterial capillaries around portal branches and periductal capillary plexuses. These A-V shunts together With the underlying cirrhotic changes con- tribute to the development of portal hypertension.

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This reports two autopsy cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with hypoglycemic attack. The first case was a 46-year-old male and the total duration of illness was 50 days since hypoglycemic attack. The second case was a 58-year-old female and the total duration of illness was 40 days since the attack. On physical and laboratory examination, both cases were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma, but the pathogenesis of hypoglycemic attackwas obscure.
At autopsy, the first case had a diffuse type of hepatocellular carcinoma with Nagayo's B type cirrhosis weighing 4, 700 gm, and the second case had a massive type of hepatocellular carcinoma with Nagayo's B type cirrhosis weighing 2, 500 gm.
Edmondsoo's grading for hepatocellular carcinoma of the two cases was grade III.
The pancreas of both cases revealed hyperplastic islets and increased B-cell granules.
We discussed the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia on primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

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A case of enzymatically studied, well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (Grade II, Edmondson) is presented. Enzymatic studies of hepatoma and tumor-bearing cirrhotic liver obtained at operation (left segmentectomy) revealed the presence of adult type liver enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase-L, glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1, 6-diphosphatase, and less marked increases in fetal type or prototype enzymes, such as low-Km hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase-M2 in the hepatoma tissue. The enzyme pattern was consistent with Morris "minimal deviation" hepatomas. The hepatoma-bearing cirrhotic liver possessed a more undifferentiated enzyme pattern as was reported on cirrhotic livers without tumor. It may be inferred from these results that the fixation of hepatoma gene expression has occurred independent of the precancerous cirrhotic state.
There was a transient post-operative elevation of serum α-fetoprotein values (95ng/ml preoperatively to a maximum level of 600ng/ml). Although the significance of this increase was difficult to be assessed, it appeared not to be due to a simple liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

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In this paper, the ultrasonotomography was compared with the scintiphotography for the splenomegaly, which was ultimately correlated with the degree of hepatic disorders. One hundred cases with chronic liver disease were chosen for this investigation and two examination were performed almost at the same time.
Two kinds of scale, spleen index (S.I.) by ultrasonotomogram and spleen score (S.C.) by scintiphotogram were used.
The results were summarized as follows:
1. The spleen index corresponded closely with the degree of hepatic disorders; that of liver cirrhosis was the largest, followed by chronic active and then chronic inactive hepatitis.
2. With spleen score, active type could be sharply differenciated from inactive type of hepatitis.
3. Spleen index was well correlated with spleen score, but could be dissociated from the latter in a few case.
4. The splenomegaly in various hepatic disorders could easily be diagnosed by using either spleen index or spleen score.

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