This paper reported the clinicopathological studies on 81 symptom-free HBsAg carriers, detected, by chance, with special reference to e status. HBsAg in their sera persisted at least more than 3 months. Out of 81 cases, 42 showed normal liver function tests (normal group) and 39 showed abnormal liver function tests (abnormal group). e antigen was detected in higher prevalence in abnormal group (21/39, 53.8%) than in normal group (13/42, 30.9%). By contrast, anti-e was more frequently detected in normal group (21/42, 50%) than in abnormal group (12/39, 30.8%). Abnormalities of liver function tests in abnormal group were more remarkable in e antigen positive cases than anti-e positive cases. As regards histological aspects, 2 cases with anti-e in normal group showed chronic persistent hepatitis and the remaining 40 cases in this group revealed only minimal changes or nonspecific reactive hepatitis. In abnormal group, e antigen positive cases had propensity to reveal liver diseases such as acute hepatitis (4 cases), chronic persistent hepatitis (3 cases) and chronic active hepatitis (2 cases). By contrast, even in cases with abnormal liver function tests, most of anti-e positive cases showed only minimal changes or nonspecific reactive hepatitis except for 1 case with liver cirrhosis.
All 8 cases with abundant ground glass appearing hepatocytes were anti-e positive cases.

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Intraperitoneal administration of bromobenzene (90mg/100gm of body weight) produced centrilobular necrosis of the liver, marked elevation of s-GOT and s-OCT and endotoxemia in rats, and these findings were most severe on the second day after administration.
Pretreatment of rats with intraperitoneal injection of polymyxin B (0.167mg or 0.083 mg/100gm body weight) 2 hours and 16 hours before the administration of bromobenzene reduced the degree of hepatic injury histologically and biochemically, and of endotoxemia.
The amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, the activities of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase and the amount of hepatic glutathione (both reduced and oxidized) were measured in rats treated with polymyxin B and in control rats. No significant differences were found between the two groups.
These findings suggest that endotoxin may play a role in the development of acute hepatic injury induced by bromobenzene, and that the protective effect of polymyxin B is accounted for at least in part, by its anti-endotoxin action.

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Cytoplasmic inclusions composed of blood plasma in canine hepatocytes are reported. The inclusions were scattered abundantly throughout the liver lobules. They were mostly round in shape, variable in size, measuring 3μ to 20μ in diameter, stained eosinophilic with H.E. stain, and positive fbr diastase resistant PAS and PTAH stains. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that most of the inclusions were positive for such canine blood plasma components as albumin, IgG, IgM, IgA, and transferin. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions showed variable figures which were granular, floccular, fibrillar or homogeneous with a low or high electron density. Fibrin fibers and erythrocytes were occasionally recognized in the inclusions. These inclusions were considered to have derived from engulfment of blood elements into hepatocytes probably as a result of elevation of the intrasinusoidal blood pressure.

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The failure of inactivation or sequestration of the antigens absorbed from gut caused by the liver disorder, seems to be one of those etiologies.
It is suggested that in patients with liver cirrhosis, because of the occurence of Kupffer cell dusfunction and portal-caval shunt, antigens from gut are not fully inactivated and transferred to the antibody producing organs, thus it results to the hypergammaglobulinemia.
In this study, 9. E. coli strains were obtained from normal human feces, which had different O antigens, and antibodies against them were detected in the sera by using hemagglutination test.
The sera were collected from patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and healthy control.
Following results were revealed:
(1) E. coli antibodies belonged to IgM. (2) The antibody titers to E. coli were elevated corresponding to the degree of liver injury, normal to chronic hepatitis and to cirrhosis. (3) E. coli antibodies correlated with the elevation of the serum gammaglobulin in liver cirrhosis.
The role of antigens from gut in the formation of gammaglobulin was discussed.

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Liver copper concentration was determined in 20 patients with extrahepatic obstructive cholestasis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cholestatic patients included carcinoma 17, stone 1 and stricture 2. Jaundice had been present for the period from 14 to 425 days. Results are as follows: (1) Mean value ± standard error of the mean of liver copper concentration was 12.4 ± 2.1μg/g.wet weight (3.9-38.5, N=20) in the cholestatic patients as compared with 8.6±0.6 (3.8-22.2, N=57) in the patients without hepatobiliary diseases. (2) In 4 patients liver copper concentration increased by three- to five-fold the mean value in control patients. Three of them had had jaundice more than 75 days and showed extensive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. (3) Orcein-positive granules different from HBsAg were observed in 3 patients, of whom 2 showed high liver copper concentration. (4) Nine of 10 patients showed elevated serum copper level. Their liver copper concentration increased as the serum copper elevated, but there was no relationship to serum total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol.

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Successful heterotransplantation was reported for 6 out of 15 human liver cancers from 14 patients. They were consecutively transplanted to the nude mice. Among of them, one hepatocarcinoma (Hc-4) has been serially transplanted 12 passages with 100% take rate. The tumors began to grow on the nude mice 10 days after transplantation and increased in size semilogalithm-liniarly. The doubling time was 5 days. The tumor volume was 300-600 mm³ after 4 weeks. Alpha-fetoprotein was detected in the sera of almost of the mice.
The histological characteristics of the original tumors was well maintained in the transplanted tumors. However, the alveolar pattern was not manifest due to decrease in the stroma. The tumor (Hc-4) was identified as a tumor of the human origin with the absorption test, Ouchterlony's method and the chromosomal analysis.
Hc-4 tumor seems to be useful for studying tumor biology and various therapeutic modalities for hepatoma.

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In 46 patients subjectcd to laparotomy for suspected of the primary liver cancer, 4 patients(9 per cent)had false-positive preoperative diagnosis. Of 4 patients without liver cancer, 2 had false-positive angiogram and 2 had false-positive CT. Of 2 patients with false-positive angiogram, one patient had the gastric wall stain which was similar to the pattern of liver cancer. The gastric wall stain was originated from the accessory left gastric artery which branches off from the left hepatic artery. In this study, we showed the difference between this gastric wall stain and liver cancer.
1. The pattern of gastric wall stain in the accessory left gastric artery is homogeneous and differ from the liver cancer. 2. The drainage vein in the venous phase runs along the gastric wall and differ from the hepatic and portal vein. 3. The pattern of gastric wall stain undergo a change according to the infration of stomach. 4. The accessory left gastric artery branches off from the left hepatic artery befbre the umbilical point. 5. The accessory left gastric artery become visible more clearly on the stereoscopic angiogram.

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A 65 ycar-old female was suspected as chronic hepatitis and received therapy a few years ago. On admission no particular symptom was fbund. Pruritus and jaundice were not observed.
Laboratory examination showed as fbllows: Total cholesterol 260 mg/dl; total bilirubin 0.5mg/dl; γ-globulin 2.39/dl; IgG 2960 mgldl; IgM 540 mg/dl; ICG (retention rate after 15 min.)7%; HBs antigen(-); HBs an tibody(+); GOT 49 U; GPT 21 U; γ-GTP 120.0μU/ml; LAP 856 U; Al-Pase 28.9 K.A. U.; RA-test(+); serum copper 205 μg/dl; anti-nuclear antibody(+); antimitochondrial antibody(+); anti-smooth muscle antibody (+). Liver scintigram showed no particular findings. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed no biliary obstruction. No varix was found on gastro-camera examination in the stomach and esophagus. Surgical liver wedge biopsy specimen showed so called chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis, described by Rubin
From these results the case was corresponding to asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis reported by Fox et al.

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A case of 46 year-old man with recurrent episodes of disturbed consciousness, slight abnormality of liver function tests and hyperammonemia was presented. The portosystemic shunt was not revealed by celiac angiography and hepatic venography. Plasma aminogram showed that citrulline increased 12 time more than that of normal value, with increased glutamic acid, arginine and ornithine. To elucidate the pathogeneSis of hypercitrullillemia, the abnormality of arginosuccinate synthetase(ASS)in autopsied sample of the patient liver was studied. The ASS activity Showed 2 percent of that in normal liver, while the other four urea cycle enzymes were all normal. Immunological determination of the ASS activity showed also marked decrease. However the kinetical abnormality of the ASS was not fbund. Hepatic fibrosis with slight fatty change, cerebral atrophy and statu spongiosus associated with Alzheimer's glia type II were found in necropsy, which wa considered to be psedulegyric type (Shiraki) of hepatocercbral diseases.

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A 71-year-old man with fever of unknown etiology dcveloped obstructive jaundice and evidencc of portal hypertension. Autopsy revealed latent stage-IV Hodgkin's disease with the severest involvement of large intrahepatic bile ducts at a hepatic hilum and the surrounding liver substance. Jaundice, supposedly not uncommon in Hodgkin's disease in western countries, could be an initial symptom of Hodgkin's disease particularly in a hepatic form with obstruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. Thus, Hodgkin's disease should be always one of differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, even though Hodgkin's disease itself is rarer in Japan.

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Two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor growth in the inferior vena cava as far as in the right atrium were presented.
Selective celiac and hepatic arteriography demonstrated so-called"thread and streaks" sign and its equivalent from the hepatic vein to the right atrium running through the inferior Vena CaVa.
Inferior vena cavography and ultrasoundcardiography were also demonstrated the tumor growth in the right atrium in one casc.
Autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis. In case 2, coagulofibrinolytic examination revealed consumption of coagulation factors (fibrinogen, platelets) and increased level of serum FDP.

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