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Takio ICHITANI, Yoshio KONYU
1981 Volume 23 Pages
1-7
Published: March 31, 1981
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The present paper deals with the differences in susceptibility of various plant species to Pythium zingiberum causing rhizome rot disease of ginger by inoculating mycelial suspension into soil, and also deals with relation between the incubation temperature and disease incidence using barley, Hordeum disticum L., seedlings.
1) Susceptible plants were as follows: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Impatiens balsamina L., Spinacia oleracea L., Dianthus chinensis L., Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Rose., Avena sativa L., Hordeum disticum L. and Hordeum vulgare L..
2) Such plants as Raphanus sativus L., Benincasa hispida Cogn., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Gomphrena globosa L., Pharbitis nil Choisy, Lycopersicom esculentum Mill., Solanum melongena L., Allium cepa L. and Oryza sativa L. were generally resistant although the results varied with the replications.
3) Highly resistant or non-susceptible plants were as follows: Brassica campestris L., Daucus carota L., Arctium lappa L., Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Zinnia elegans L..
4) Susceptibility of barley, Hordeum disticum L., seedlings was increased as incubation temperature increased from 20° to 30°C and some injuries which could not be distinguished from the disease symptoms had appeared at 35°C.
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Hirofumi KOBATAKE, Takeshi OSAKI, Tadao INOUYE
1981 Volume 23 Pages
8-14
Published: March 31, 1981
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This paper deals with the results of field experiments on the occurrence of tomato yellow dwarf disease caused by tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) and its vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, together with the results of field trials to control the disease by an insecticide. The present study was carried out during the period of 1974-1980 in Nara, Osaka and Wakayama Prefectures.
The disease was often found to occur, especially in the hillside fields in mountainous area in these prefectures. Nearby the tomato fields, in which prevalent occurrence of yellow dwarf disease was observed, naturally grown honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) or Eupatorium chinese with yellow vein symptoms was commonly found in Nara and Osaka or Wakayama Prefectures, respectively.
The whitefly, B. tabaci, both adult and /or pupae, was often found in various plants grown in the hillside places. The plants on which colonization of the whitefly was found were 12 species of plants in the follwing five families grown in these places: Leguminosae. Solanaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae and Caprifoliaceae. It was found noticeable that high population of the whitefly was observed in honeysuckle, eggplant and especially in soybean. It was also found that honeysuckle was heavily infested by the whitefly whole through the period of growth.
These results strongly suggest that the naturally grown honeysuckle plants may be the most important overwintering reservoir of TLCV and whiteflies.
Through the 4-year field survey for population of whitefly, at least three peaks of the occurrence were observed; 1st, 2nd (maximum) and 3rd occurrence of the whitefly observed were the period during late May-early June, early July-mid July and mid August-late August, respectively. The earliest occurrence of tomato yellow dwarf disease was usually found in mid July, then the number of infected tomato plants became rapidly to increase during August. These field observations suggest that the adult whiteflies occurred during early July-mid July played an important role on the frequent occurrence of the disease during early August-mid August.
Application of Acephate (Orthoran), an organic phosphate insecticide, to the soil or on the foliage, especially during July, was found effective to decrease the occurrence and spread of the disease.
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1.Control effect of CG117 by some applications
Syosuke TAKASHI, Akira KONDO
1981 Volume 23 Pages
15-19
Published: March 31, 1981
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The zoosporangial formation and indirect germination of zoosporangia were inhibited by dipping of both leaves of tall-oatgrass and rice plant inoculated with Phythophthora macrospora (Saccardo) S. Ito et I. Tanaka with 2 ppm (a. i.) acylalanine (CG117) (DL-methyl-N-[2,6-dimethylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxyacetyl]-alaninate)for 24 hr at 18C. The zoospores were able to swim in the concentrations of 2 ppm for 4 hr, 10 ppm for about 10 min and 50 ppm for about 3 min. The nongerminated and germinated rice seeds soaked in over 250ppm CG117 for 24hr at 18C completely prevented the infection with zoospore suspension, and the germinated seeds inoculated 1-4 days before the soaking with more than 2ppm prevented the disease development. When the incoculated seeds were sown in pot (diam. 14cm) containing Ibuki fertile-Fe soil and 50mg (a. i.) CG117 per a pot was applied 0, 3, 8 and 13 days after sowing, no disease symptom was found on the newly developed leaves 14 days after the treatment. Moreover, when the infected seedlings in third or fourth leaf stage were treated by submerged application with 500-2000ppm for 3 hr and the treated plants were transplanted to the pot, no symoptom was recognized in the newly developed leaves 17days after the transplanting. In these cases, the curative effect was 100% at 2000 ppm.
It is suggested from these experiments that this fungicide has an excellent effect on the control of downy mildew of rice plant comparing with some effected fungicides used in the past.
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Ultrastructure of roestelium of Gymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada
Mitsuru KOHNO, Hiroshi ISHIZAKI, Hitoshi KUNOH
1981 Volume 23 Pages
20-22
Published: March 31, 1981
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As a part of our extended studies on long- and short-cycled rust fungi, fine structure of roestelia of Gymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada was investigated in this study. Roestelia formed on upper surfaces of Japanese-pear leaves 7-10 days after mixing pycnidial dews artificially which were exuded on heterothallic pycnidia. Roestelia arose from mesophyll tissues and were extruded from epidermises of lower surfaces of pear leaves. Peridial cells composing the outer walls of roestelia were of varied shapes, oblong or elliptic. Binucleate aeciosporophores arose from the cell mass which resided at the basal part of roestelium. Aeciospores and intercalary cells were formed alternately on aeciosporophores, making a spore-chain. The intercalary cells disintegrated, when aeciospores matured. Aeciospores were covered with a thick cell wall showing the bizarrely shaped ornaments.
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Masaru HONDO
1981 Volume 23 Pages
26-32
Published: March 31, 1981
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The mulberry tiger moth, Spilarctia imparilis BUTLER is an univoltine species which distributes throughout Japan. In the Southwest Japan, gradation of this pest had been observed from 1968 to 1972. A preliminary population survey was done at Mie prefecture in 1977 and 1978 after the gradation had terminated. In the study sites the female moths mainly deposited the eggs Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, and the density of egg masses increased from 1977 to 1978. The fauna on included 17 families was observed as the natural enemies for the larvae at autumn. The higher mortality was shown in the egg and firist larval stages, and 5th and 6th larval stages before hibernation, respectively, the main mortality factors were the predation by ants and spiders in the former, and the dispersal in the latter.
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Shinzo KOIZUMI
1981 Volume 23 Pages
33-38
Published: March 31, 1981
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On the basis of annual and quantitative change in incidence of rice blast disease, regional classification of Japan was examined. Data collected from Plant Protection Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, were analyzed. Ratio of disease-appeared acreage of paddy fields to rice cultivating area in 46 prefectures except Okinawa in each year from 1962 to 1978 was calculated. These data on the incidence of leaf blast and panicle blast were processed by applying both cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Forty-six prefectures were classified into 7 groups except 13 prefectures which differed from each group in their similarity. Group 1 consisted of Iwate, Fukushima, Tochigi and Nagano, Group 2 of Akita, Gunma, Yamanashi, Aichi, Gifu, Nara and Yamaguchi, Group 3 of Chiba, Shizuoka and Kyoto, Group 4 of Mie, Hyogo Okayama, Shimane, Ehime, Tokushima, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto and Kagoshima, Group 5 of Toyama, Ishikawa and Fukui, Group 6 of Wakayama and Kagawa, and Group 7 of Aomori, Saitama, Kanagawa and Oosaka.
By the principal component analysis, scatter situation of each prefecture in the first and second principal component resembled to the result from the cluster analysis. In each area classified, there was a similar tendency in the pattern of annual changes in level of blast outbreak and in relation between leaf blast and panicle blast.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
39-44
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
45-48
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
49
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
51
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
52
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
53
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
55
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
56
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
57
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
58
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
59
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
60
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
61
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
62
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
63
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
64
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
65
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
66
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
67-68
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
69
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
70
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
71
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
72
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
73-74
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
75
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
76
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
77
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
78
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
79
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
80
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
81
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
83
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[in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
84
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
85
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
86
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
87
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1981 Volume 23 Pages
88-92
Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
1981 Volume 23 Pages
93-98
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1981 Volume 23 Pages
99-104
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
105-109
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1981 Volume 23 Pages
110-114
Published: March 31, 1981
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