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1988 Volume 30 Pages
3-4
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
5-8
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
9-12
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
13-21
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
23-24
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Toshiki SHIOMI
1988 Volume 30 Pages
31-36
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The host range of gentian witches' broom MLO (GWM) and its modes of transmission by the leafhopper vector,
Scleroracus flavopictus, were studied. Fifty-three species of plants belonging to 20 families were infected with GWM, including
Brassica campestris (Chinese cabbage),
Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Apium graveolens and others. MLO particles were detected in the phloems of a lot of infected plants by electron microscope, and the tests of back inoculation to healthy plants were also successful by
S. flavopictus.
The percentage of acquisition of GWM by the individuals of
S. flovopictus from diseased plants increased depending on the length of acquisition feeding periods, showing 60% for 1 day or 80% for 7 days at 28C. The percentage of the diseased plants increased in proportion to the length of inoculation feeding periods, and reached to the peak with in the periods of 12 to 24 hours. The feeding periods of S. flavopictus for transmitting GWM ranged from 18 to 30 days with average of 22 to 24 days at 28C.The leafhoppers were able to transmit GWM persistently until death and retension periods of GWM in
S. flavopictus were 4 to 60 days.
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Minqiang LU, Takahiro MAKINO, Nobuo TEZUKA, Takashi OOSAWA
1988 Volume 30 Pages
37-41
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The effect of fumigation with methylisothiocyanate (MITC) against some soil-borne plant pathogens was examined in a polypropylene bottle. The soil-borne pathogens used were
Rhizoctonia solani,
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
lycopersici races J1 and J2,
F. oxysporum f. sp.
fragariae, Verticillium dahliae, Colletotrichum fragariae, Mycosphaerella melonis, Pseudomonas solanacearum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovars 1 and 2 and A. rhizogenes biovar 1.
When conidia and mycelia of the pathogens were exposed to MITC in a polypropylene bottle, conidia of
F. oxysporum, V. dahliae, C. fragariae and
M. melonis were killed at 3mg/l for 24hr, 1-2 mg/l for 48 hr, 1mg/l for 72hr and 0.5-1mg/l for 96hr.
P. solanacearum and
A. tumefaciens were killed at 2mg/l MITC for 24hr and 1mg/l for 48-96hr.
R. solani was killed at 0.5mg/l MITC for 24-48hr and 0.25-0.5mg/l for 72-96hr. In the case of chlamydospores,
F. oxysporum f. sp.
lycopersici races J1 and J2 were killed at 16-20mg/l MITC for 24hr, 10mg/l for 48hr, 8mg/l for 72hr and 6-8mg/l for 96hr.
F. oxysporum f. sp.
fragariae was killed at lower concentrations. Sclerotia of R. solani were killed at 4mg/l for 24hr and 1mg/l for 96hr.
The effect of MITC depended on the species of fungi and bacteria and the organs of the fungi. Chlamydospores of fusaria were killed by the exposure to MITC 7-8 times of concentrations more than conidia and mycelia. The minimum concentration of MITC to kill the fungi and bacteria was in relation to the duration of exposure.
Fusaria and
A. tumefaciens in a clad were put into soil 15cm deep and exposed to MITC. MITC was effective to the pathogens when a diameter of a clad was 1.5cm or pathogens were put directly into soil, but not effective when a diameter of a clad was 2.5cm or more.
It was clear that the effect of MITC against the pathogens in the soil was greatly influenced by the size of a clad.
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Masayuki TOGAWA, Masakatsu ICHINOE
1988 Volume 30 Pages
43-47
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In autumn 1985, occurrence of ascomyces was observed on carnation stem rot in greenhouse-planted carnation (
Dianthus caryophyllus) in Izu area of Shizuoka Prefecture. The ascomyces was identified as
Gibberella zeae (perfect stage of
Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of carnation stem rot) from cultural and morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity on carnation.
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Tsutomu SAITO
1988 Volume 30 Pages
49-55
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Biology of the leafminer
Liriomyza bryoniae (KALTENBACH) on melon plants was investigated in greenhouses and a laboratory. This insect was observed on many sorts of crops and weeds belonging to the
Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Cruciferae, and other plant families. The larvae was usually found from spring to autumn in the outdoor, whereas both the larvae and adult occurred throughout the year in melon greenhouses. New foliages of melon plants were unsuitable for feeding and oviposition by adult females, and the ovipositional habitat differed between the leaves of the lower part and the upper part of plants before the pinching. Difference of the preference on each part on a leaf surface for oviposition was mentioned. The mean longevity of adult females was 5.6 days at 25 C, and the total number of eggs laid and feeding scars on melon leaves per female were 123.1 eggs and 2037.7 punctures. The total developmental periods from the egg to the adult at 15, 20, 25, and 30 C were 40.9, 20.9, 16.9, and 15.7 days, respectively. The calculated temperatures of the developmental threshold were 8.7 C for pupal stages. About half the number of the examined pupae were found on leaves of the melon plants and another half were found on the surface of the soil in the greenhouses. However, under the higher temperature condition (30 C), ca. 73% of the pupae were found on leaves on the plants. The flight activity was durnal with having two peaks on 6: 00-8: 00 and 14: 00-16: 00 in a greenhouse.
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Masahiko MORISHITA, Katutiyo AZUMA
1988 Volume 30 Pages
57-62
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Population trends of
Thrips palmi KARNY on sweet pepper cultivated in vinyl-houses was investigated in Gobou-City, Wakayama Prefecture from 1985 to 1986. Seasonal changes in thrips density were similar in most of the vinyl-houses; the densities were low in winter but they increased through spring showing peak incidences in April or May. Fluctuation of the percentages of injured fruits delayed that of adult density on flower of the sweet pepper for 7-10 days because of larvae mainly infesting the fruits. Economic injury denisity for sweet pepper was estimated at 0.105 adults per flower or 4.4 adults per sticky trap per day assuming that economically permissible level of yield loss was 5% of the maximum yield.
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Yoshiaki KOBAYASHI, Toshiyuki OZAWA, Takafumi OHHASHI, Masaki OHISHI, ...
1988 Volume 30 Pages
63-69
Published: May 01, 1988
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Practical control effect of the mating communication disruption by using synthetic sex pheromones against two species of the tortrices,
Adoxophyes sp. and
Homona magnamina DIAKONOFF and a common cutworm,
Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS was examined in rose growing glass-and, vinyl-houses in cities of Shimada, Kakegawa and Kosai in Shizuoka Prefecture from 1985 to 1987. As for the results, the effect against the tortrices was so high that both the numbers of the insects and the damages to the plants decreased rapidly after the treatments and the population levels of the insects arrived at nearly zero. Although lesser than the tortrices, the effect against the common cutworm was also high. The number of insects was depressed during their invading period from the field into the greenhouses; their populations were also depressed during the overwintering period. Because this research was conducted with a low population level of insects in winter and under the closed environment of vinyl-houses, the pheromones must have been more effective compared to the previous researches which were carried out in tea crop fields in open spaces. It was concluded that one of the examined pheromones sold in current trade as“hamakikon”was practically effective to control the tortrices in the rose growing glass-and vinyl-houses.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
71-72
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
73-74
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
75
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
76
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
77
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
78
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
79
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
80
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
81
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[in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
82
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
83
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
84
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
85
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
86
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
87
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
88
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1988 Volume 30 Pages
89-90
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
91
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
92
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
93-94
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
95
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
96
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
97-98
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
99
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
100
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
101-102
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
103-104
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
105-106
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
107-108
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
109
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
110-117
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
118-124
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
125-131
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
132-135
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1988 Volume 30 Pages
136-140
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