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3. Varietal differences of growth and yield component of soybean under pathogen inoculated condition
Akio NAKAGAWA, Shinji SHIMADA, Takeo YAMAGUCHI
1990 Volume 32 Pages
1-8
Published: May 01, 1990
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Varietal differences of growth, yield and yield compornent of 18 soybean cultivars against soybean root necrosis (Calonectoria crotalariae) were tested from 1986 to 1988 under pathogen inoculated field condition. In inoculated plots, plant hight and main stem length of soybeans were shorten, growth stages of soybeans were delayed, the weight of a hundred seeds and the yields were decreased in all cultivars compared with non-inoculated healthy plots. Especially, on the soybean cultivar Lee and Nattosyoryu, the number of pod per plant was decreased markedly.
Soybean root necrosis advanced the date of maturation and reduced severely the rate of evapotranspiration prom leaf. It seems that soybean root necrosis inhibits the uptake of nutrient and water by root system from early stage of plant, and causes the reduction of the number of pod per plant and advances the date of maturation successivaly. There are varietal differences in incidence and the extent of damage to soybean growth by Calonectoria crotalariae.
But they are not always correlative to each other in all cultivars. To evaluate the resistance of soybean cultivars to soybean root necrosis, it is necessary to count for the incidence and damage of soybean growth, yield and yield components at the same time. According to this conclusion, soybean cultivars Akiyoshi, Fukuyutaka and Tanbaguro are resistant and Shiromeyutaka, Lee and Tamahomare are susceptible to soybean root necrosis.
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Noboru UKISHIRO, Masako HARADA, Masachika HIRANO
1990 Volume 32 Pages
9-12
Published: May 01, 1990
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The rearing method of the rice water weevil,
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, was studied in a laboratory and a greenhouse by using a rice plant and a barnyard millet. The adults collected in the paddy field in Mie pref. in May, 1988 were reared on a rice plant. The larvae of the next generation obtained from these adults were reared in the biotron (25±1°C, 16L8D), Greenhouse A (25-32°C, 16L8D), and Greenhouse B (20~32°C, 16L8D). It was cleared that the adults emerged from a rice plant and a barnyard millet after around 40 days, however, no adult was obtained when tap water was supplied in any cases. This seems that the chlorine ion in tap water interferes the larval development. The newly obtained adults oviposited at 28±1°C, 50-95% R.H., 16L8D, 120001x, nevertheless, no adults oviposited at 25±1°C.
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Toshiki SHIOMI
1990 Volume 32 Pages
13-15
Published: May 01, 1990
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The effect of air-temperature on the transmission of sickle hare's ear yellows MLO by
Macrosteles striifrons was studied.
When
M. striifrons fed on Cryptotaenia japonica infected with the MLO, the percentage of infectious individuals increased in proportion to the duration of the acquisition feeding period at tempratures ranging from 15°C to 35°C. The percentage was about 80% when feeding continued from 3 to 5 days at temperatures in the range of 20°C to 35°C, and 64% when feeding continued 7days at 15°C. However, the percentage was very low when feeding took place at temperature of more than 40°C.
M. striifrons, which had acquired the MLO upon feeding at 25°C and 30°C, began to transmit the MLO in the second week after the first access to diseased plants. The percentage reached a peak in the fifth week. On the other hand,
M. striifrons, which had acquired the MLO upon feeding at 20°C, began to transmit the MLO in the fourth week and the percentage increased rapidly exceeding 70% from the fourth to the eighth week.
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Shin'ich KUSAKARI, Kiyotugu OKADA, Mituo KAWARATANI, Takashi KAGI, Yut ...
1990 Volume 32 Pages
17-20
Published: May 01, 1990
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Verticillium wilt disease of eggplants was decreased by the addition of antagonistic actinomycetes strain C-26 (Streptomyces sp.) with crab shell meal in infested greenhouse soil. The addition of crab shell meal in soil (1t/10a) increased the population density of actinomycetes. Density of actinomycetes strain C-26 was maintained above 10
7 cfu/g soil for 47 days by the addition of crab shell meal in soil. Verticillium disease of eggplants was reduced 79% with addition of antagonistic actinomycetes and crab shell meal, and 12% with the addition of crab shell meal only.
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Isamu SAKO, Tatsuo TANIGUCHI, Takeshi OSAKI, Tadao INOUYE
1990 Volume 32 Pages
21-27
Published: May 01, 1990
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Transmission of GLV by vector aphids, by contact, through seeds, and translocation within the seedling bulbs were investigated. The winged aphids were trapped from the middle of April to the last decade of October by the yellow pans in rakkyo fields. Number of the trapped aphids rapidly increased at the beginning of May until the end of the month. It reached maximum in summer and gradually decreased in September. The predominant vector was
Myzus persicae and the second species was
Aphis gossypii. GLV was transmitted by
Myzus persicae at the rate of 10-20% when it was acquired for 5-60minutes on the diseased
Allium fistulosum, A. wakegi, or
A. chinense and then fed for 10-60 minutes on
A. chinense. Neotoxoptera formosana also transmitted GLV from
A. fistulosum or
A. chinense to
A. chinense at the rate of 10-30%. Contact transmission of GLV from leaves of the infected rakkyo to healthy plants was never observed. Seed transmission of GLV in
Vicia faba was not detected. GLV reinfected virus-freed rakkyo plants in the fields at 26.7% in autumn of the same year and at 50.0% in the next spring. However, the infection by aphids was fairly prevented by using the cheese cloth tunnel coverings. GLV was translocated at the rate of 20-69% from the bulbs of newly infected rakkyos to the divided bulbs which produced infected divided bulbs without exception in the next generation. All the divided bulbs produced from naturally infected rakkyos were also infected with the virus. ELISA values for different parts of the infected bulbs showed that GLV was more concentration at inner part than outer scales and upper part than lower part in the bulbs. GLV was less concentrated in the bulbs of the newly infected plants than those of naturally infected plants, indicating that the concentration in the bulbs may affect the rate of transmission through division of the bulbs.
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Masahiko MORISHITA, Katutiyo AZUMA
1990 Volume 32 Pages
29-34
Published: May 01, 1990
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Field studies were conducted to protect cabbage from diamondback moth (DBM),
Plutella xylostella L., using row covers such as cheesecloth or nonwoven fabrics. To exclude DBM from cabbage before row covering, insecticides were sprayed in seedbed, and then row coveres were applied for the period from transplanting to harvesting. Both yield and head qualities of summer cabbage were comparable each other between conventional cultivation plot and row cover plot with less frequent pesticide application. Row covers also protected cabbage from other incect pests such as aphids and lepidopterous larvae. Row cover treatment provided an adequate DBM control with 1-2 time chemical application, reducing 70-90% pesticide application as compared with conventional spray of 8-10 times. Females of DBM oviposited on the surface of the row cover contacted with cabbage leaves, resulting in infestation of larvae on cabbage leaves. Hence we recomended row covering of no contact with cabbage leaves in order to avoid oviposition by DBM females, for example, using wire hoops for supporting row cover. Since daytime air temperature in row covers was about 3°C higher than that with no row covers, row cover promoted the growth of winter cabbage.
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Ryosaku MORIOKA
1990 Volume 32 Pages
35-36
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1990 Volume 32 Pages
37
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1990 Volume 32 Pages
38
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
39
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1990 Volume 32 Pages
40
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
41-42
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
43
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
44
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
45-46
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
47-48
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
49
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
50
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
51
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
55-56
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
57-58
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
64
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
65-66
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
67
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
69-70
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
77
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
79
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
80
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
81-82
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
83
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
84
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
85-86
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
87
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1990 Volume 32 Pages
88
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