Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society
Online ISSN : 1883-6291
Print ISSN : 0387-1002
ISSN-L : 0387-1002
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Volume 58
Displaying 1-32 of 32 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • High grafting of green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) to control bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum during summer-autumn cultivation
    Hiroshi Kajihara, Misako Nishida, Tomoko Kawara, Kazuhiro Nakaho
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 1-5
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.1
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    Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major source of damage during the production of green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). The grafting of susceptible but high-quality pepper cultivars onto highly resistant rootstocks has been adopted to manage this disease. Recently, however, bacterial wilt has begun to occur again during summer-autumn cultivation in Yamaguchi Prefecture. To enhance the resistance provided by the rootstocks and control infection, we developed a new high-grafting strategy. In this approach, grafting is done at a higher position (11 to 14 cm above the ground) than usual (3 to 4 cm). In greenhouse experiments in Yamaguchi and Ibaraki prefectures, high grafting slowed disease development and resulted in less-severe wilting than with grafting at the usual height. In healthy plants, plant growth, yield, and the quality of the peppers did not differ significantly between the grafting treatments. Our results indicate that high grafting could be an effective strategy for managing bacterial wilt of green bell pepper.
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  • Non-target lepidopteran insects specifically attracted to a sex pheromone lure for Plutella xylostella Linnæus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
    Katsuyuki Kohno, Hiroyuki Iida, Mitsuyoshi Takeda, Ken-ichiro Honda
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 7-12
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.7
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    Sex pheromone lures usually attract the target species very specifically; however, non-target species are often also specifically attracted. Non-target species attracted to a sex pheromone lure could lead to technical problems in pest monitoring, for example in counting mechanically. In this study, non-target lepidopteran species specifically attracted to the sex pheromone lures for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnæus) were examined in four open fields in Tsu City, Mie, Japan. In addition to specific attraction by the target species, six (Acrolepiopsis sapporensis (Matsumura), Microchilo inouei Okano, Glyphipterix nigromarginata Issiki, Eupsilia tripunctata Butler, Orthosia lizetta Butler, Anorthoa angustipennis (Matsumura)) lepidopteran species were specifically attracted to the lures for P. xylostella. Among these, A. sapporensis, M. inouei and G. nigromarginata were considered to be the species susceptible to be erroneous determination when P. xylostella are counted mechanically.
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  • A comparison between two susceptibility test methods, chemical spray and leaf dip, for two-spotted spider mite and development of a simple method for placing mites on a leaf disk
    Yoshinori Kunimoto, Tsuyoshi Imamura
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 13-16
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.13
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    We compared the mortality of mites between two susceptibility test methods, chemical spray and leaf dip, with bifenazate, emamectin and cyenopyrafen for the two-spotted spider mites on strawberry. When using bifenazate and cyenopyrafen, there was no difference in mortality of mites between the two methods. However, when using emamectin, the mortality by the leaf dip method was significantly lower than that by the spray method.
    A new method of placing mites on the leaf of kidney beans without using a fine brush was developed. That is, a small strawberry leaf infested with mites was placed by an intact stem of kidney bean with one primary leaf for a day. Most mites on the strawberry leaf moved onto the kidney bean leaf by themselves. There after the kidney bean leaf with mites was dipped in the acaricides for five seconds. By using this placement method followed by the leaf dip method, the mortality was similar to that of normal placement method using a fine brush followed by the spray method.
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  • Rapid suppressing of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) on green peppers and eggplants by releasing an aphid parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead
    Izumi Ohta, Mitsuyoshi Takeda
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 17-21
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.17
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    Population of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani on green peppers and eggplants after releasing an aphid parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis was investigated in greenhouses. The numbers of the foxglove aphids rapidly decreased and those of less than 20% remained on the original plants 5 days after releasing parasitoids. Eleven percentages of the aphids moved to the other plants infested with no aphids before the parasitoid introduction. The aphids in another greenhouse with no parasitoids did not decreased rapidly. These results suggest that introduction of A. gifuensis can lead to quick suppression of the foxglove aphids.
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  • Notes on the development of root rot and blackening symptoms on Japanese radish infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
    Yoko Otani
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 23-26
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.23
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    The rot and blackening symptoms of the root on Japanese radish infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is occurred by entering pathogens into the interior of the root from the petiole base. When injury is present in the petiole base of the radish, infection of the pathogen is promoted. Infection of the pathogen that causes the root symptoms, there is always a chance in the growth period of radish. The varieties of radish that is likely to develop the root symptoms is ‘Hatsuhomare’. On the other hand, the varieties of radish that are less likely to develop the root symptoms are ‘Shunsai’, ‘Tokuhomare’, ‘Hukuhomare’, ‘Huyumisaki’, ‘Natsutsukasa’, ‘YR Kurama’, ‘Taibyousoubutori’.
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  • Western flower thrips control by a predatory thrips, Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) in the protected strawberry
    Kotaro Mori
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 27-31
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.27
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    The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an important pest insect in strawberry fields, and their larvae attack and spoil strawberry fruits. Because this pest has developed resistance against a number of pesticides, biological control methods using natural enemy species are needed for the establishment of IPM program. In this report, I tried to use a new predatory thrips, Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) in order to control the pest thrips populations occurred on the two varieties of strawberry, “Sachinoka” and “Benihoppe”. I experimentally found that the predator individuals were mainly distributed on the flowers and juvenile fruits of strawberry plants where the pest thrips were also observed. I also found that the predator could control the pest thrips population effectively.
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  • Effectiveness of augmentation of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) against the Thrips palmi Karny, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) on the eggplant cultivated in open fields
    Kazuki Kakimoto, Kunihiko Matsuhira, Hideaki Inoue, Atusi Nakasima, Yu ...
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 33-40
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.33
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    Effectiveness of augmentation of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) against the three pest species: Thrips palmi Karny, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) occurs on the eggplant cultivated in open fields were evaluated from August to September in 2014 and from September to October in 2015. Released numbers and times of A. swirskii were 50 individuals/m2 and tree times in 2014 and 25 individuals/m2 and tree times in 2015, respectively. Maximum numbers of A. swirskii per 30 leaves on eggplant were ca. 50 individuals in 2014 and ca. 30 individuals in 2015, respectively. Populations of T. palmi and B. tabaci decreased or remained at low levels on eggplant after release of A. swirskii in both years. Numbers of above two pest species on eggplant where A. swirskii was released were significantly lower than non-treatment eggplants in both years (Repeated measures of ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Proportions of plants damaged by P. latus where A. swirskii were released were significantly lower than non-treatment eggplants in both years. We considered that augmentation of A. swirskii would be available against main three pests; T. palmi, B. tabaci and P. latus on eggplant cultivated in open fields.
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  • Effectiveness of conservation biological control against the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in okra fields I. Attractiveness of beneficial hoverflies by some varieties or species of basil Ocimum basilicum L.
    Kazuki Kakimoto, Kunihiko Matsuhira, Hideaki Inoue, Atusi Nakasima, Yu ...
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 41-44
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.41
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    Hoverflies are important natural enemies against aphids. Pollen and nectar provided from floral resources in agricultural fields are effective for conservation and enhancement of local hoverfly populations. We investigated some basil Ocimum basilicum L. variations, holy basil O. tenuiflorum L., buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham from April to August in 2015 in order to select useful insectary plants for hoverflies. Based on the seasonally changes of coverages, the number of flowers and hoverflies, we concluded holy basil was suitable floral resources for adult hoverflies from May to July. Decrease of hoverflies after July might be caused by high temperature or their parasitoids.
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  • Control of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, on greenhouse cucumber with the combined use of a red insect-proof net, Amblyseius swirskii, and Metarhizium anisopliae
    Kanako Shirotsuka, Kenji Hamasaki, Manabu Shibao, Kiyotsugu Okada
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 45-49
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.45
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    The effect of a red insect-proof net, a predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, and granular formulation of an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin on melon thrip, Thrips palmi Karny, was investigated on greenhouse cucumber from August to November in 2013, 2014, and 2015. A red insect-proof net was placed in the treated plot, and 50,000 A. swirskii were released per 10 a, and 5 kg of M. anisopliae granules were applied per 10 a. In the control plot, a white insect-proof net was used and no biological pesticides were applied. In 2013 and 2015, the population density of thrips was lower in the treated plot than in the control plot. In 2014, the population density of adult thrips was similar in both plots, and the number of larval thrips was lower in the treated plot than in the control plot. These results suggest that the IPM system utilizing a red insect-proof net in combination with A. swirskii, and M. anisopliae can effectively control thrips.
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  • Control of the chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis (Heller), and the black rot fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea (Mougeot) Cesati & De Notaris, using hot water treatment
    Kenji Hamasaki, Mitsuo Kawaradani, Manabu Shibao
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 51-55
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.51
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    Infestation of chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis (Heller), and black rot fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea (Mougeot) Cesati & De Notaris was consistently observed in the nuts of Japanese chestnut cultivated in Osaka Prefecture Japan. Treatment of the nuts by immersing in hot water at 50°C for 30–40 min or 51°C for 25–30 min, followed by water cooling and air drying, eradicated the chestnut weevil and reduced the incidence of black rot infection. However, the treatments caused the surface of nuts to lose gloss and become moldy, regardless of the differences in the heating conditions.
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  • Estimating the day on which the numbers of adult tea spiny whiteflies (Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya and Kasai) peaked and the number of generations produced in a year based on the effective cumulative temperature in tea fields
    Akihito Ozawa, Toru Uchiyama, Atsushi Kasai
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 57-64
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.57
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    In tea fields, we estimated the day on which the number of adult tea spiny whiteflies (Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya and Kasai) peaked using the effective cumulative temperature and compared it with the actual (observed) peak day, which was determined based on the number of adults captured by yellow sticky traps. We also estimated the number of generations produced each year in the tea fields. The days on which the number of adult tea spiny whiteflies peaked were estimated using the effective cumulative temperature, which was based on the temperature in each hour at Kikugawa-Makinohara point according to the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (Japan) (AMeDAS). The peak days for each generation were compared in seven tea fields around the AMeDAS point in 2012 and 2013. As a result, it was found that the mean errors between the estimated and observed peak days of the first, second, and third generations were 4.4 (in 2012) and 4.7 days (in 2013), 4.3 and 4.9 days, and 6.6 and 4.0 days, respectively. These errors did not exceed 7 days, which was the trap exchange interval. The number of generations produced each year was estimated using the temperature data recorded at four AMeDAS points with different elevations. Our results suggested that in each year three generations were produced in Kawane-Honcho (290 m above sea level), four generations were produced in Omaezaki (45 m), and between three and four generations were produced in Kikugawa-Makinohara (191 m). Although the estimated peak day of the overwintering generation in 2013, which was forecast based on the observed peak day of the third generation in 2012, differed considerably from the observed peak day in Kikugawa-Makinohara, the peak day forecast from the peak day observed during the latter period of the second generation in 2012 was consistent with the observed peak day of the overwintering generation in 2013. These results suggest that in each year populations composed of three or four generations coexist in the tea fields in Makinohara district, which are located at 100–200 m above sea level.
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  • Control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Tomato in Greenhouses by a Combination of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Banker Plants
    Ryohei Nakano, Yuta Tsuchida, Makoto Doi, Ryusuke Ishikawa, Akio Tatar ...
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 65-72
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.65
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    We evaluated the effectiveness of controlling Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on tomato in commercial greenhouses by releasing Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and sustaining the N. tenuis on banker plants (Verbena × hybrida cv. Tapian) from 2013 to 2015 in Shizuoka Prefecture. The N. tenuis colonized the tomato plants, and toward the end of the growing period, as the population density of N. tenuis increased, the population density of B. tabaci decreased. The rates of yellow leaf curl on plants were the same as or lower in the N. tenuis release plots, where selective insecticide was applied, than in the conventionally managed control plots. The N. tenuis population colonized the banker plants and remained present throughout the experimental period. No economic damage to tomato by N. tenuis was observed. These results suggest that a combination of N. tenuis and banker plants is effective for controlling B. tabaci and has the potential to prevent the spread of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus outside the greenhouses.
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  • Control of Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch in Greenhouse Strawberries by Releasing Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot
    Manabu Shibao, Yoshiko Ioku
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 73-76
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.73
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    The effect of releasing of natural enemy mites, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot on a population of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch was investigated in greenhouse strawberries in Osaka Prefecture. In the mite-release plot, N. californicus twice in October, and P. persimilis four times from January to March, were released in 2007-2008, and N. californicus once in November, and P. persimilis twice in February and March, were released in 2008-2009. The population density of the spider mite became lower in the mite-release plot than in the conventional chemical control plot in both years, and the number of applications of acaricides was reduced three or four times more in the mite-release plot than in the conventional chemical control plot. These results suggest that releasing natural enemy mites, N. californicus from October to November and P. persimilis from January to March, can effectively control the population density of the spider mite.
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  • Effect of the Pyrifluquinazon hydrating agent to Orius strigicollis Poppius
    Toshio Kitamura, Mitsuyoshi Takeda
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 77-81
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.77
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    The Pyrifluquinazon hydrating agent is one of the efficient insecticides to Miridae pests and the selective insecticides that has low effect to natural enemies in egg plant fields that reducing pesticides. This insecticide as an insect behavior regulator is not clarified the mode of action. So we investigated the effect to biological features of Orius strigicollis as a model of the Orius’ natural enemies. We surveyed effect of the Pyrifluquinazon to survivorship, reproduction and feeding thrips of O. strigicollis. The preoviposition period of Pyrifluquinazon treated insects was significant longer than control, and the total number of eggs for 10 days after treated of the Pyrifluquinazon. But after starting oviposition, the egg numbers per a day of treated the Pyrifluquinazon was no significant different to control. So We consider the Pyrifluquinazon has less effect to biological features of the Orius natural enemies and can be used in combination with the Orius natural enemies in egg plants fields.
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  • The occurrence of two scale insects in peach orchards of Wakayama Pref., and its chemical control in autumn-winter
    Manabu Kimura, Yoko Otani, Takashi Minakata, Ryoko Morimoto, Kinji Fuj ...
    2016 Volume 58 Pages 83-86
    Published: May 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps.58.83
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    Mulberry scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni), distributed in 70% of peach orchards in Wakayama Pref. in 2008-2011, resulting in occurred more widely than white peach scale, P. prunicola (Maskell). There were three peaks of the occurrence of 1st-instar nymph of P. pentagona: first one is in early May, second one is in mid-June and third one is the other in early to mid-Sep., which was 5-16 days later than the peaks of P. prunicola. The scale density of P. pentagona was well suppressed by application with buprofezin in autumn and machine oil emulsion in winter.
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