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Volume 47 (1997)
- Issue 1+2 Pages 1-
Volume 47, Issue 1+2
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Paper
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Kenjiro YASUNO, Yoshiro NAMBA, Tadahiko NISHITANI, Hideo MATSUOKA1997 Volume 47 Issue 1+2 Pages 1-12
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe necessary discharge fire engine number of units and water supply point that correspond to the burn-out area of the building fire at the time of the ordinary and the earthquake disaster, has been calculated by the fire length in this research. And a range of the upper limit and also minimum of a measure of fire fighting has been studied on the basis of the discharge capability of public fireplug in the city fire measure. And then, (1) fire fighting measure, (2) architecture measure and (3) city planning measure have been mentioned. The importance has been examined regarding not only "an individual fire fighting measure of a citizen" but also "an early period fire fighting measure by public fire fighting power" on the basis of the data from Heisei 1 (1989) to 5 (1993).
The results are as follows.
(1) Also Smax (maximum value of fire front length) and Smin (minimum value of fire front length) not only Smean (mean value of fire front length) have been analyzed. Those correlation coefficients are about 0.9 and quite a lot correlation is obtained. Eq. (5), eq. (6) and eq. (8) were shown as the relationship between fire front length S and burn-out area A that analyzed from the ordinary fire data of Kobe city. And the big fire From Showa 21 (1946) to 27 (1952), the Sakata big fire and also the Kobe earthquake has been analyzed as the same of the ordinary fire.
(2) The quantity of fire engine tends to be insufficient in the case of an earthquake, such as the Kobe city at this time and must deal with the fire engine of a minimum. The calculation result has been shown to Table 5 as Pn=2Pw and also β=10, 12, 15, 18 m. It is Pw (β=10) ≒ 24 unit in the case of A=10,000 m2. Although it is Pw (β=10)=36 unit from the eq. (15) that obtained from the real data of the ordinal large-scale fire of Kobe city.
(3) It was shown to Fig. 7 about limits of city fire measure. We referred to "measure of architecture", "city planning measure" and "fire fighting" that should supplement merits and demerits mutually.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Yoshio OHARA, Masaru WAKI, Junzi KISHIDA, Kajiro WATANABE1997 Volume 47 Issue 1+2 Pages 13-20
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConventional fire alarm systems detect fire by the symptom of direct fire effects such as smoke generation, heat release and/or light emission. In certain situations all of these symptoms yield miss-alarm. Fire alarm systems that detect fire by the indirect symptom are required. Fusion of sensors that detect the direct and indirect symptoms yields more confident alarm than the conventional alarm.
This paper describes a new type of fire alarm system that detects symptom of fire by the change in the in-door pressure due to a fine. The in-door pressure, however, changes not only by the effect of fire but also by the noise in daily life. Here we focus to develop a system that discriminates the pressure due to fire from those due to our daily life and detect the fire. Variety of experiments were carried out and results show the validity of the proposed system.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Saburo HORIUCHI, Yoshiteru MUROSAKI, Tsuyoshi TOKURA, Masamoto YOSHIDA ...1997 Volume 47 Issue 1+2 Pages 21-32
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapan has a long history and tradition that city landscape has been shaped by the wooden buildings, and sometimes those buildings were suffered from big fires such as people experienced in the "Kanto great earthquake", or in the war-damage of "World War II". From the experiences shown above, the Building Standard Law of Japan at present describes as follows: "Wooden buildings in a quasi-fire protection districts shall have such portions of their external walls and soffits as are liable to catch fire be of fire preventive construction, —"
The main aim of this research is to establish a new fire protection system installed with water spray nozzles outside of a building, instead of the fire preventive materials described in the law, from a viewpoint of the preservation and succession of traditional Japanese wooden houses named the "Machiya".
As the final approach of this research, and actual-size Machiya model was served for a fire test, and the new fire protection systems using water spray nozzle was found to be very effective to protect a building from fire.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
Tosio KOIZUMI1997 Volume 47 Issue 1+2 Pages 33-43
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn April 27, 1993, a forest fire occurred in Morito area, Manba-city, Gunma-prefecture Japan. Under the prevailing strong winds, the fire spread and extended to the largest scale ever in Gunma-prefecture.
The author chartered a helicopter on May 5, one week after the fire was extinguished, and took aerial photos of the damaged area, and investigated the condition of the fire through field survey and data collection. The burnt area extended over about 100 hectares, and the damage amounted to about 190 million yen (about two million dollars). The fire occurred in a steep mountainous area and under strong winds; therefore, wind and topography strongly facilitated the spreading. It is the purpose of this paper to report a damage investigation of the fire and to develop a forecasting method for forest fires based on the topographical analysis system and spreading speed of fire. In the first place, I analyze the topographical structure of the regions which became the object of this study with some topographical factors, and construct a landform classification map. Secondly, I estimate the potential danger of each region in the landform classification map according to the direction of the wind and spreading speed of fire.
In the present paper, I try to forecast forest fires in Morito area, and the basic results for the forecasting method of forest fires are obtained with the topographical classification system and spreading speed of fire.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K)
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