Bulletin of Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering
Online ISSN : 1883-5600
Print ISSN : 0546-0794
ISSN-L : 0546-0794
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Volume 50, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Paper
  • A Review on the Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dioxins Emitted from Accidental Fires
    Yuichi NAKAGAWA
    2000 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 41-48
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.50.2_41
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper reviews some recent studies on environmental and health impacts of emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i. e. PAHs), in comparison with that of dioxins, particularly polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (i. e. PCDD/Fs), in the soot and/or residual ash samples collected after accidental fires or during fire experiments.
    Application of unit risk for cancer to the analytical results for the soot or ash samples collected after two vehicle fire tests in a traffic tunnel and after some actual accidental fires in Germany implied that carcinogenic risk of PAHs emitted from accidental fires was much higher than that of PCDD/Fs contained in the same fire residue sample.
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  • Study on the Relationship between Local Topography and Damage caused by Forest Fires System
    - The Forest Fire in Takehara-city, 1994 -
    Tosio KOIZUMI, Keisuki YASIRO
    2000 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 49-62
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.50.2_49
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    On August 11, 1994, a forest fire occurred in Takehara-city, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The fire was repressed once, but it rekindled because of strong winds from a typhoon and a large drought. 378ha were burnt before it was extinguished, and the damage amounted to about 500 million yen, becoming the largest in Japan in terms of the amount of damage.
    The authors here present a damaged district forecast method for forest fires by which the influence of limited geographical features is considered ahead, based on the example of a forest fire which occurred in Manba-city, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, in April, 1993. This paper analyzed the forest fire that occurred in Takehara-city and, new findings were added to the technique presented before, a new technique is developed, and improvement of accuracy is aimed at.
    The analytical items newly adopted in this paper are as follows:
    (1) The wind direction and the velocity of the wind are set in detail, and analysis which corresponds to the change in the wind direction and the velocity of the wind is attempted.
    (2) A device and improvements are added to the extraction method of the geographical features factor.
    (3) More detailed numeric geographical features data are used and analyzed.
    (4) Information on the woods aspect is added to the analysis.
    The effectiveness of this technique additionally confirmed the assertion formerly announced as a result of these changes.
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  • Ignition Process of Attachment Plugs due to Thermal Deterioration
    Kiyomi ASHIZAWA
    2000 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 63-70
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.50.2_63
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this paper, a process, from thermal deterioration to ignition, of an attachment plug due to joule heat of defective contact between socket receptacles and plug blades (both are of 2 poles) supplied with AC100V, is studied through experiments and a new ignition process is discussed.
    This process proposed is as following. Defective contact causes heat, which thermally deteriorate on the surface and inside of PVC plug insulators. The severely deteriorated PVC undergoes dehydrochlorination due to pyrolysis and reacts with calcium involved, producing calcium chloride with high hygroscopic property. Due to this thermal deterioration, it is found that the insulation resistance between 2 blades drops to 105 Ω order, and if kept as it is, drops further to 103 Ω order due to water absorption on the surface and inside the PVC. Ignition experiments was performed through this process using the plug with dropped inlsulation resistance, and it is found that there is danger of ignition when insulation resistance between 2 blades drops to 103 Ω order.
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  • Study on Discrimination between Primary and Secondary Molten Marks by Analyzing the Crystal Structure of the Carbon in Carbonized Residue
    Eui-Pyeong LEE, Hideo OHTANI, Yoshiyuki MATSUBARA, Tsutomu SEKl, Hideo ...
    2000 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 71-80
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11196/kasai.50.2_71
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The electrical molten marks (EMMs) are often found in the fire site. Therefore, when the fire causes are investigated, EMMs can be clue for the elucidation of fire cause. The technique to discriminate between the primary molten marks which are the cause of a fire and the secondary ones which are formed by the flame of a fire, has not been confirmed yet.
    We studied the crystal structure of the carbon which was caught in primary and secondary molten marks prepared artificially, and examined the difference in crystal structure between the primary and the secondary molten marks.
    We found that both graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon were found in the primary molten marks. However, only amorphous carbon could be found in the secondary molten marks. This result shows that graphitized carbon can be used as an indicator of the primary molten marks.
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