Bulletin of Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering

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This paper focuses on transfer of disaster prevention knowledge characteristic in order to decrease the uncertainty by the human element of the disaster prevention system. In this context, this paper identifies the factors that decide the transfer characteristics of disaster prevention knowledge. The factors mentioned above are based on the premise of the following characteristics : the characteristics of disaster prevention knowledge (;Having explicit means or not), the characteristics of giver (;Motivation and volition, Reliability about the ability) and the characteristics of receiver (;Motivation and volition, Prior knowledge, Capability for practical use).
295 employees were surveyed in commercial facilities in Nagaoka and Kashiwazaki cities after 2007 Niigata Chuetsu Offshore Earthquake using questionnaire method.
The major finding and implication can be summarized as follows :
First, as a result of analysis of condition on former characteristic and the effects of disaster prevention knowledge, in attributes of respondent people it is appeared that participation frequency of disaster prevention disciplines is influential than construction scale,building date, damage of earthquake.
Second, as a result of analysis for grasping the most influential characteristic to transferring effects of disaster prevention knowledge, it is appeared that the characteristic is literacy of beneficiaries. Namely, for enhancing literacy of employees, staffs of each institution-disaster prevention center-must execute practical disaster prevention training and transferring of disaster prevention knowledge.

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Gasoline is so volatile that a large amount of vapor is quickly generated from the gasoline surface. If motor gasoline is spilt for the purpose of arson or leaked out extensively on a floor by accident, the gasoline vapor mixes with air, and a flammable mixture zone is formed in the immediate surroundings. In these cases, it is necessary to clarify the concentration distribution of generated gasoline vapor in order to assess the fire hazard. In this study we investigated the evaporation and diffusion behavior of gasoline in various spill conditions. It was found that combustible mixture was spread to a height lower than about 40 cm after 30 minutes, when gasoline was spilt on floor. When gasoline was spilt on an upper part of an enclosure space, gasoline vapor was rapidly spread downward by the density difference between gasoline vapor and air and the concentration of gasoline vapor in a zone lower than a spill location is uniformalized. We assumed that gasoline vapor was composed of a single component with a diffusive coefficient D and derived a prediction model of a concentration distribution of gasoline vapor in various spill conditions. Furthermore, we carried out ignition tests of gasoline vapor and verified the model experimentally.

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