Abstracts of Annual Congress of The Japan Society of Home Economics

Frequent “unexpected” disaster occurs in rural villages, and disaster prevention construction changes traditional land use of the area. It completely changes village life, there are some oppositions from residents during the rehabilitation planning process for the Great East Japan Earthquake. This research studies relationship of disaster damage in detail, location of old housing sites, and residents’ paths in daily life. Field survey to identify damaged area in detail, interview to residents to clarify the daily life using nature in the village, and paths for religious practices.
This research showed that there are little damage in the housing sites where people started to use by middle of Edo period. There are shrines on the higher hill site, and religious practices kept foot paths for residents to evacuate when Tsunami attacked the area. Residents used sea to enrich their daily life in the village. Traditional land use is safer from Tsunami.
This research is funded by JSPS Kakenhi 24618013.

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Abstract

Purpose
The intergenerational exchange activities of “The Intergenerational School (TIS)” in Cleveland City, Ohio were examined from both the elderly’s and children’s sides. In particular, from productive aging as an active, experienced elderly people who demonstrate their abilities, to elderly people who need assistance, including the elderly with dementia. From the viewpoint of intergenerational exchange, the collaboration of schools, facilities, and the communities were researched. Furthermore, the possibility of intergenerational school in Japan was considered.

Method
The activities of "The Intergenerational Schools" were mainly analyzed from the writings, the literature, presentations by Dr. Peter Whitehouse and Dr. Cathy Whitehouse, the principal of the school on “The Intergenerational Schools (TIS)”.

Result
(1) Intergenerational exchange activities at “The Intergenerational School (TIS)” in Cleveland City, Ohio, USA incorporate multi-generational learning environments into elementary and junior high school curriculums.
(2) “The Intergenerational School(TIS)” is a charter school in the United States, a school that does not require school expenses under the approval of the state. Every generation including children, their families, and local elderly people practice lifelong learning based on the intergenerational exchange models.
(3) The intergenerational exchange activities in Japan have been developed as cultural succession and local community revitalization activities in the environment of Japan's unique low birthrate and aging population, and the local decrease in population.

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Lifestyle-related disease is the worst obstructive factor for a long and healthy life. The disease can be prevented by moderate exercise, a well-balanced diet, and no smoking. Focused on the effect of salt reduction on the disease, for its contribution from a young age, the status of university students’ salt intake was assessed and evaluated. Based on a widely used "Salinity Check Sheet" by Dobashi, a questionnaire survey of salt intake situation (n = 39, retention method) was administered. A respondent selected the most suitable answer from the choices assigned to 0 to 3 points. Then the points were tallied up and the respondents were categorized into four groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation coefficient matrix (CCM) analysis were applied to examine the relation between the total points and the questionnaire responses. About 40% of respondents showed high salt consumption. PCA results show a positive first principal component as "less salt intake" and a positive second principal component as "easy meal." A negative component is inferred as "long life preserved food." Results of CCM analysis show a high positive correlation with the total points found for "Frequency of eating processed fish paste such as chikuwa and kamaboko" (r = 0.702) and for "Frequency of eating ham and sausage" (r = 0.602). Some students did not know that processed foods such as processed fish paste, ham, and sausage have high salt contents.

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