化石
Online ISSN : 2424-2632
Print ISSN : 0022-9202
ISSN-L : 0022-9202
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  • 現生生物を対象とした古生物学的研究 その1 ―干潟貝類の人新世古生態学 の研究例―
    佐藤 慎一, 千葉 友樹
    2017 年 102 巻 p. 5-13
    発行日: 2017/09/30
    公開日: 2019/04/03
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14825/kaseki.102.0_5
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Many paleontological researchers have often treated living organisms for their paleoecological and paleobiological studies. In the “Fossils”, a Japanese journal published by the Palaeontological Society of Japan, a total of 647 papers have been published from no. 1 in Sep. 1960 to no. 100 in Sep. 2016, and 140 papers treated mainly living organisms. Since Kobayashi introduced actuopaleontology as “paleontology of beaches and lagoons” in 1967, the Palaeontological Society of Japan have held various symposia based on paleobiology and paleoecology. In the present paper, we review the paleontological studies on the living mollusca published in the journal, and show some examples of studies on the molluscs in tidal flats from a viewpoint of Anthropocene paleoecology.
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  • 現生生物を対象とした古生物学的研究 その 2 ―貝形虫類の進化と多様性の 研究例―
    塚越 哲
    2017 年 102 巻 p. 15-30
    発行日: 2017/09/30
    公開日: 2019/04/03
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14825/kaseki.102.0_15
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This paper presents a review of several recent studies on living ostracods by Japanese researchers. Surveys for ostracod fauna in inner bay environments were carried out in 20 areas in Japan. The results are continually applied to research on the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and monitoring of recent environmental change. Several important contributions to the ecology and evolution of ostracods themselves are also noteworthy. Parallel evolution and several ecological aspects were found out by comparing phytal and bottom-dwelling species. New information about egg-laying behavior of ostracods is also provided by a boreal species that inhabits lagoons in temperate zone and survives summer as “oversummering” eggs. Furthermore, research on the interstitial species is developing rapidly. Their potential species diversity appears to be as high as that of surface-living species. Novel ecological/ethological facts and some evolutionary trends were also discovered from interstitial species. Finally, future ostracod studies are discussed.
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  • 温室時代における海洋表層環境
    守屋 和佳
    2017 年 102 巻 p. 31-42
    発行日: 2017/09/30
    公開日: 2019/04/03
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14825/kaseki.102.0_31
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The late Mesozoic, especially the Cretaceous, is the latest example of the Earth’s greenhouse intervals, which was terminated by the initial glaciation in the Cenozoic at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. In the late Mesozoic and early Paleogene, prior to the initial glaciation, both poles were free from continental ice sheets. It has been widely accepted that the high atmospheric carbon dioxide level was responsible for this warming. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) derived from oxygen isotopic compositions of mixed layer dwelling planktic foraminifers and pelagic vertebrate remains, and TEX86 paleothermometry indicate that the tropical temperature at the middle Cretaceous exceeds 35̊C. The mid-Cretaceous equatorial SST is warmer than the modern highest temperature in open ocean by at least 6̊C. In addition, although data are scarce in the early Cretaceous, the early Cretaceous (~130Ma) SST may be much warmer than we previously expected. The other notable character in the Cretaceous SST is distinctively reduced meridional SST gradient. In the mid-Cretaceous, temperature difference between the equator and 60̊ in latitude was approximately 15̊C, which is significantly smaller than the modern value of ~25̊C. These reduced meridional temperature gradients are also observed in the early and late Cretaceous as well, indicating that the reduced meridional gradient is the nature of the greenhouse climate. According to recent advancement in coupled climate models, proxy SST records are well explained by those numerical examinations. Preparing a global array of proxy paleotemperature data is eagerly required for the better understanding of the greenhouse climate system.
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  • 白亜紀古日本陸弧‐海溝系の復元：日本列島の白亜紀地質記録からの再考
    安藤 寿男, 高橋 雅紀
    2017 年 102 巻 p. 43-62
    発行日: 2017/09/30
    公開日: 2019/04/03
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14825/kaseki.102.0_43
    ジャーナル フリー
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    As a premise for reconstructing the Paleo-Japan Cretaceous continental arc-trench system, its constituent geologic units such as Cretaceous plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks are briefly reviewed, referring to recently updated geologic papers, books and maps concerned with regional geology, chronostratigraphy and lithofacies. The Cretaceous plutonic and volcanic rocks are widely distributed along the Inner Zone (the northern continental-side region) of Southwest (SW) Japan and the whole Northeast (NE) Japan, though volcanic rocks are dominated along the Pacific coast in NE Japan. These distributions indicate the intensive magmatism and volcanism had occurred within the Cretaceous volcanic arc. The southeastern margin of andesitic rock distributions drawn on the reconstructed map of the Paleo-Japan Cretaceous continental arc suggests the generally straight volcanic front throughout SW and NE Japan. Mainly non-marine Lower Cretaceous strata are sporadically distributed in separated intra- and back-arc small basins around the volcanic arc in Southewest Japan. On the other hand, mainly marine and subordinately fluvial Cretaceous strata are distributed sporadically but continuously along the Pacific coastal area and the offshore Pacific subsurface in NE Japan, and the southern end of the Inner Zone and the Chichibu Belt of the Outer Zone in SW Japan. Their stratigraphy and sedimentary environments are broadly correlated as forearc basin fills throughout two arcs of SW and NE Japan. The stratigraphic ranges of the strata entirely cover all Cretaceous stages, though the range and geographic distribution is not so wide in each distribution area of the strata. Based on the reconstructed configuration of the Paleo- Japan Cretaceous continental arc-trench system, the present land area of Northeast Japan is equivalent to the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. On the other hand, the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan will be traced into the subsurface area of the offshore Pacific in Northeast Japan.
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