Since McNary reported a new method for staining leucocytes using dithizone and Szmigielski applied the method as a cancer diagnosis, many researchers studied on the zinc content in the leucocytes of the tumor-bearing organism. But the methods applied in these reports are mainly qualitative ones, and quantitative studies have been quite seldom. In the field of oral surgery, only the studies by Fujimoto (1970) and Tamari (1971) can be encountered, and these remain also histochemical, and therefore qualitative. In order to determine the zinc content of leucocytes as accurately as possible, several methods hitherto reported for leucocytes separation were reexamined, and a new method suitable for the purpose have been developed. The procedures and the results obtained with this method were summarized as follows. Ten ml of blood was drawn with the disposable syringe which had been heparinized previously, and centrifuged at 700 G for 10 minutes in a polyethylene tube. Then the buffy coat and its neighboring layer (3 ml), which were rich in leucocytes, were aspirated with a siliconized pipette, transfered into TERAOKA's centrifuge tube, a special tube constricted at the middle portion, and centrifuged again at 230 G for 10 minutes so that the leucocytes were allowed to deposit in the narrow portion. The leucocytes thus collected were transfered into a 50 ml centrifuge tube with a siliconized capillary pipette, and the erythrocytes herein intermixed were hemolysed by adding 0.28% saline solution. After further centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, and the precipitates were washed with 0.9% saline solution and suspended in a total of 3 ml of the saline. The suspention was incubated at 37℃ for 30 minutes, and then the number of the leucocytes was counted. In the final suspention as prepared by this procedure, recovery of the leucocytes from peripheral blood was 56.8% on an average, and the ratio of erythrocytes to leucocytes was as low as 1 to 5, and 90% of thrombocytes was removed. A separate experiment also confirmed that even the ghost of erythrocytes remaining after hemolysis contained no more than a trace of zinc. Thus, the contamination by the remaining thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and their ghost would seem almost negligible with this procedure. It may be added that hematological composition of the isolated leucocytes was not different from that of the peripheral blood. One more advantage is that the procedure made it possible to estimate the amount of copper and zinc in the plasma as well as in erythrocytes with use of a single blood sample.

抄録全体を表示

The recent advances in the atomic absorption spectrophotometry has facilitated the studies on the copper and zinc levels in blood of the cancer-bearing organism. But there are few reports in which these metals in the whole blood and plasma as well as formed components of blood, i.e. erythrocytes and leucocytes were determined with use of a single blood sample. The present author applied the apparatus of the atomic absorption spectophotometry (HITACHI-207) for the determination of the copper and zinc contents in the whole blood and in the components of blood. A total of 76 cases were examined, consisting of 31 patients with malignant tumors including 10 cases of oral cancer, 20 patients with benign diseases and 25 normal persons. The copper and zinc levels in blood showed a remarkable difference only in the plasma between the normal group and the group with malignancy. In the normal group, the copper of the plasma was 1.21±0.21μg/ml. On the other hand, in the group with malignancy, the plasma copper levels were significantly higher than in the normal group, being 1.02±0.21μg/ml. In the normal group the copper content in the erythrocytes was 0.94±0.10μg/ml, and that in the whole blood was 1.05±0.13μg/ml, whereas the zinc content in the erythrocytes was 13.9±2.6μg/ml, and that in whole blood was 7.56±2.36μg/ml. The mean of copper content in the leucocytes was 16.2μg/10^<10> cells. The zinc content in the leucocytes was 152±44μg/10^<10> cells in the normal group, 160±76μg/10^<10> cells in the group with malignant tumors, and 144±61μg/10^<10> cells in benign diseases. There was no significant difference among these groups. In the group with malignant tumors, however, the cases with oral cancer showed a significantly higher level of 213±80μg/10^<10> cells than the normal group (p<0.002), and the cases with the cancer of the stomach and other organs tended to show lower levels than the normal group. Furthermore, an inverse correlation existed only in the groups with malignancy between the number of the leucocytes and the zinc content in the leucocytes (γ=-0.4720). This correlation was also noticed in the group with the cancer of stomach and other organs (γ=-0.5298), and a similar tendency was found in cases of oral cancer although no correlation of statistical significance could be proved. The fact that these latter patients had been subjected to the chemotherapy and radiological treatments before the blood examination, might be one of the causes of the phenomenon. No correlation existed between the score of dithizone staining of the leucocytes that was obtained with the method of Fujimoto in our department and the zinc content in the leucocytes that was determined with the present method.

抄録全体を表示

The correction of severe cases of mandibular protrusion such as are encountered in an underdeveloped maxilla is difficult to achieve by conventional orthodontic approach alone. In the present study, an attempt was made to develope a new method of treating such cases by means of operative orthodontics. A total of 26 adult dogs weighing about 20 kg were served as experimental animal and artificial fracture was made on both sides of the maxilla in the space between the 3rd incisor and cuspid. The fractured space was mechanically widened respectiveiy in one of the following manners. 1) Separate the space by surgeon's hand as wide as possible and keep it in position by applying an acrylic resin splint. This was designated as spaced fixation method. 2) Expand very slowly (0.2 mm per day) over an extended time duration (40 days) the fractured ends by use of a screw expansion plate. Slow expansion method. 3) Expand the fractured ends in the shorter period (in 20 days and by 0.7 mm per day). Rapid expansion method. On 40, 70 and 100days after completion of respective experiment, observation were made on the state of newly formed bones in the extended space and of teeth and surrounding tissue in the anterior maxillary segment, by mesurement of plaster cast and by macroscopic, roentogenographic and pathohistological examinations of the maxilla. Results of the study were summarized as follows. 1) Measurement by the plaster casts showed that the maximum and mean values of space attained by rapid expansion method was respectively 12 mm and 10 mm, by slow expansion method 8.0 mm and 7.5 mm, and by spaced fixation method 4.5 mm and 3.6 mm respectively. 2) The newly formed bones at the fractured space were mainly consisted of uniting callus, and osseous healing was complete about 100 days after fixation of maxilla by rapid expansion method and spaced fixation method. By slow expansion method, however, a marked retardation of osseous healing was shown probably due to an unfavorable effect of constant stimuli given to the blast tissue for too extended time duration. 3) As a general effect of the experimental fracture of maxilla, the tooth pulp was replaced by granulation tissue, and especially in case of slow expansion method, a severe resorption of tooth root due to the inflammatory granulation of alveolar basis was observed. In cases where rapid expansion method and spaced fixation method were applied, however, the tooth root suffered only slight degree of resorption of the dentin and cement substances. 4) Because X-ray observations of the operated maxilla were quite in parallel with those obtained by pathohistological means, X-ray finding may be most advantageous in following the course of bone formation and in judging when is the time of osseous healing. In view of the above, it was concluded that rapid expansion method proved most advantageous in achieving the anterior expansion of maxilla by operative orthodontics.

抄録全体を表示