The mandibles of 79 beagles bred under a given condition were measured and studied morphologically. In general, variations in morphology were few but differences by sex were significant. The results were as follows : 1. Dogs usually have three mental foramens. The largest was the middle mental foramen and its diameter was 6.0mm for male and 5.2mm for female. The middle mental foramen was positioned between P_1 and P_2 and slightly lower than the center. 2. At the mandibular ramus, the angle process protrudes outside the angle of the mandible. This was quite evident in dogs. As the index of angle process indicates, the angle process has a broad base and protrudes long and narrow. 3. The mandibular foramen was 8.4mm in diameter for male and 8.1mm for female and was positioned adjacent to the inferior border, much lower than man's, as the index of the mandibular foramen indicates. 4. The condyle of the mandible has its longitudinal axis from the posteroexternal to anterointernal direction. The index was 35.0 for male and 38.1 for female. Consequently, the form of the mandibular condyle is an elongated ellipse. 5. The height of the condylar process is only half that of the coronoid proccss. This is generally the characteristic morphology for the carnivora, which distinguishes the carnivora from man, herbivora, and omnivora. 6. Because of the marked difference in height between the coronoid process and condylar process, the mandibular notch is shallow. This is also verified by the low index. 7. Significant difference by sex was seen for most measured items excluding : angles, thickness of the mandibular condyle, height of condylar process, thickness of mandibular body, length of angle process, and diameter of the mandibular foramen. 8. The indexes calculated to determine relative relations between measured items of the mandible indicated the following : mandibular width is about two-thirds of the length ; mandibular width is widest between the mandibular condyles ; and width of mandibular angles is relatively small. In comparison with the height, the mandibular ramus and mandibular body were found to be wide.

View full abstract

Measurements were taken of the length and width of the head with use of dog skulls of Western, Japanese, and Mixed Breed preserved in the First Department of Oral Anatomy, and the ratios of the two, or cephalic indexes were determined. Classifications based on the indexes were obtained in three types : dolichocephaiic type, mesocephalic type, and brachycephalic type. For the present study, the mandibles were examined of 30 cases of Western Breed, 16 cases of Japanese Breed, and 24 cases of Mixed Breed in mesocephalic type. This examination was made with instruments and macroscopically to determine and analyze the difference in size and morphology. The results were as follows. 1. All mandibles have 3 pairs of mental foramens. Among the three, the middle foramen was biggest. The position of the middle mental foramen between p_1 and p_2 was most frequent for 3 Breeds and accounted for about 40%. The most frequent opening direction of the middle mental foramen was 'ahead' in 3 Breeds. The diameter and position of mental foramen were no different in 3 Breeds. 2. By the diameter of mandibular foramen, Japanese Breed is biggest, but the position was no different in 3 Breeds. 3. By the measurements of mandible, Japanese Breed showed greater values than the other 2 Breeds in all items except 'Angle of right and left body of mandible'. 4. According to indexes concerned with mandible, Western Breed showed deeper incision at mandibular notch, slenderer at process of jaw angle, and the overall shape of the mandible is slenderer than the other 2 Breeds. 5. In comparison of coefficient of correlation among 3 items, or length, height, and width of mandible, 3 Breeds showed a much positive correlation, but there is no correlation between these 3 items and angle of mandible. 6. For macroscopic observation, the degree of growth, for 3 Breeds, was examined of 6 items. As a result, there is no difference between Western Breed and Mixed Breed. Japanese Breed seemed to have developed better than the other 2 Breeds in 3 items, that is, pterygoid fossa, masseteric fossa, and mental spine.

View full abstract

Morphological changes of the fine structures in the submandibular lymph nodes, such as the afferent and effercnt lymphatic vessels and the marginal sinuses, were studied by the scanning electron microscope after the inoculation of the lipopolysaccaride into the periodontal tissues of the mouse (ICR strain). The histopathological observations and the immunopathological observations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) using the fluorescent antibody technique were also performed. Results obtained were as follows. 1. The afferent lymphatic vessels were observed at many places over the convex surface neibouring the marginal sinuses of the submandibular lymph nodes. The bundled efferent lymphatic vessels were seen in their hilus. 2. At one day after the inoculation, it was pathologically found that the infiltrations of the numberous granulocytes in the outer cortex and the sinuse. In the immunopathological observations, it was recognized that two distinct types of IgG positive cells were scattered in the marginal sinuses and the outer cortex. The lots of IgG positive cells also appeared in the deep cortex and the intermediate sinuses. 3. At three or five days after the inoculation, the lymph nodes showed the pathological changes, such as the broadness of the deep cortex, the indistinctness of the border between the deep cortex and the outer one, the disappearences of the germinal centers and the reduction of the medulla sinuses. The plasma cells and the monocytes markedly infiltrated in the deep cortex and the sinuses. In the immunopathological observations, it was shown that free IgG and the lots of IgG positive cells were spreaded in the deep cortex and the sinuses and also localized in the medulla and the medulla sinuses. 4. At seven days after the inoculation the nodes seemed to be recovering to the normal state, as the shapes of the deep cortex, the medulla and the medulla sinuses showed their distinct anatomical characters. In the immunological observations, it was shown that the small masses of the fluorescent of the IgG positive cells were scattered in the outer cortex and the deep cortex and were also widely observed in the medulla. 5. Free IgG and the IgG positive cells seemed to occur in the deep cortex and in the sinuses in the early periods of the inoculation, and gradually move to the medulla sinuses in the course of the time.

View full abstract

An image analyzing system (Luzex 500, Japan Regulator Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo) was tested for its usefulness by examining red blood cells of guinea pigs, mouse and guinea pig macrophages and L2C cells of leukemic strain 2 guinea pigs for their maximum and Feret's diameters and areas. Effects of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on guinea pig macrophages were also investigated by determining these parameters on the cultured macrophages in the presence of 10 μg/ml of MDP in a medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Several factors which affected the analysis were also examined. From a total of 1, 158 red blood cells of a guinea pig, 7.3±0.8μm, 8.2±0.8μm and 39.8±6.6μm^2 were obtained for their Feret's and maximum diameters and areas, respectively. These measurements were not affected by differences in the threshold level provided that an optimal threshold level was set for a particular field under the microscope. Mouse macrophages were shown to be heterogenous in their sizes as revealed in a similar examination on a cultured preparation. Their measurements were 21.5±7.9μm, 17.9±7.3μm and 137.9±41.2μm^2 for maximum and Feret's diameters and areas, respectively. Guinea pig macrophages were also heterogenous in their sizes and their maximum and Feret's diameters and areas were 18.5±2.3μm, 16.8±2.7μm and 226.6±61.3μm^2, respectively. L2C cells taken from a leukemic guinea pig showed 9.6±1.7μm, 11.0±1.8μm and 70.9±21.6μm^2 for those dimensions, which were consistent with the previous data reported by others but much larger when examined on a cytocentifuged and stained perparation of cells which had been separated on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Their dimensions were 18.8±2.0μm, 17.3±2.1μm and 223.9±41.4μm^2 for those parameters, respectively. Guinea pig macrophages which were cultured in the presence of 10 μg/ml of MDP were slightly larger in these dimensions than those in the control experiment which did not contain MDP, their measurements being 29.8±11.5μm, 24.6±10.9μm and 291.8±98.0μm^2 for the former and 36.3±12.7μm, 27.2±11.2μm and 304.1±91.2μm^2 for the latter, respectively. These results show that the image analyzing system is potentially useful for the morphological studies under various conditions involving a static status as well as dynamic changes of many types of cells.

View full abstract

Acute toxicity of Formalin-guaiacol (FG) was studied in comparison with that of Formocresol (FC), guaiacol and cresol with use of male mice of ddY strain weighing about 20g each. Each drug was diluted in olive oil to be administered orally to the mice which had not been fed for 20 hours prior to the test. Toxic symptoms and changes in the body weight gain were observed and the number of death was recorded for 7 days ; LD_<50> with 95% confidence limits calculated by Litchfield-Wilcoxon's method was : 1.81 (1.56&acd;2.10)g/kg for FG, 1.72 (1.51&acd;1.96)g/kg for FC, 0.89 (0.75&acd;1.05)g/kg for guaiacol and 0.76(0.66&acd;0.87)g/kg for cresol. No significant difference was found between LD_<50> of FG and that of FC or between LD_<50> of guaiacol and that of cresol (p<0.05). Little difference was observed between guaiacol and cresol, and FG bore much resemblance to FC concerning toxic symptoms and changes in the body weight gain of surviving mice induced by oral administration of each drug. From the above it was considered that FG was less toxic than guaiacol and than cresol and that toxicity of FG was as potent as that of FC.

View full abstract

Gram-negative microorganisms are usually found in infected root canals with necrotic pulps. The outer membrane of these microorganisms contains lipopolysaccharide complexes (LPS), so-called endotoxins. Endotoxins are capable of initiating various biological effects. Especially, endotoxins have been demonstrated to activate the complement pathways and to stimulate the degranulation of mast cells. These events result in increase of the vascular permeability, inducement of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) chemotaxis, and resorption of the bone. Therefore, endotoxins seem to play an important role in the development of pulpal and periapical disease. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of endotoxins after inoculating Escherichia coli-LPS into the pulp chambers in rats. The animals were divided into following three groups : 1. repeated applications of LPS (0.6μg) in the pulp chambers of the right mandibular molars ; 2. repeated applications of LPS (6μg) in the pulp chambers of the right mandibular molars ; 3. repeated applications of LPS (6μg) in the pulp chambers of the right mandibular incisor. The responses against LPS were studied in the ratio of T-cells and B-cells in the submandibular lymph nodes by using rosette technique, serum titers by using the indirect hemagglutination test and the complement fixing test, and the histological evaluations. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the experimental side of the submandibular lymph nodes, the ratio of T-cells slightly changed during experimental period, regardless of the inoculating regions (molars or incisor) and the dose of LPS (0.6μg or 6μg). In contrast, that of B-cells significantly increased on the 7-21st day after the first inoculation, when LPS was administered to the incisor. In the non-experimental side of the submandibular lymph nodes, the ratio of T-cells and B-cells showed no notable changes in all groups. 2. In the results of the indirect hemagglutination test and the complement fixing test, the serum titer following the inoculations into the incisor was greater than that into molars. The larger amounts LPS administered, the higher titers detected. The hemagglutinating antibody responses were somewhat greater than the complement fixing antibody responses. 3. In histological findings, the specimens of all groups showed acute inflammatory lesions during experimental period. These responses were characterized by extreme disturbance of circulation and intense PMN infiltration. On the 28th day after the first inoculation, marked bone resorption was observed in the group of repeated applications of LPS (6μg). The results of this study suggest that endotoxins (LPS) may have an important role in pulpal and periapical lesions by biological activity, and immunological activity which seems to mainly elicite humoral immune responses.

View full abstract

In order to clarify stability of the mandibular rest position and enunciation positions, recordings at various rest and enunciation positions were made of 30 normal dentulous subjects and one edetulous subject. For five of the dentulous subjects, a total of five recordings were made with one recording made on a given day. For the edentulous subject, nine kinds of experimental mandibular full dentures with various occlusal vertical dimensions were prepared and all recordings were made on same day. The results were as follows : 1. Interocclusal distance at incisal point of voluntary rest position averaged 0.92±0.51 mm, which was the smallest of all the mandibular positions examined. The differences between the subjects were small and this method proved to be accurate for determining properness of occlusal vertical dimension. 2. Interocclusal distance at incisal point immediately after swallowing averaged 1.15±0.89 mm and the mandibular position during the pause between the Myo-monitor stimulations averaged 1.41±1.22 mm. The differences in the measurements taken on different experiment days were smaller than the difference for the voluntary mandibular rest position. 3. Of the positions for 'a' column sounds and 'sa' column sounds, interocclusal distance at incisal point of the position for enunciating 'su' sound was the smallest with 1.88±1.31 mm on the average. The differences between the subjects were small and the differences between experiment days were the smallest. 4. Of the positions after enunciating 'a' column sounds and 'sa' column sounds, the position for 'u' and 'su' was close in value to the voluntary mandibular rest position. The differences between the subjects and between experiment days were also small. 5. The position for enunciating the consonant 's' in 'sa' was close in value to that for 's' in 'yes'. Differences in the measurements between experiment days were small and this enunciating position was the most stable for enunciating 's' in Japanese. 6. Observation of changes in the mandibular rest position and enunciation positions in the edentulous subject by varying occlusal vertical dimension showed the followings : the mandibular rest position and enunciation position for 'su' ; and the mandibular position after enunciating 'u' and 'su' ; and the position for enunciating 's' in 'yes' and 'sa', all of which were considered stable among the dentulous subjects, adapted themselves relatively soon to the changes in the occlusal vertical dimensions and each position showed a relatively fixed interocclusal distance.

View full abstract

Sasaki and Kinouchi (1976) reported on a stud attachment using the Sm-Co alloy magnet and Pd-Co-Ni alloy for casting. Since self-curing resin was used as the coating material for this magnet, magnetism is weakened and exposure of the magnet makes rusting easy. Therefore, 4-META resin was used to make the coating on the magnet thin and uniform. When waxing up a root cap, an acrylic plate was used to make the surface smooth and flat. These modifications assure reliable magnetism and prevention of rusting. The details are described in the text.

View full abstract

A report has been made for adjusting and stabilizing functionally the labial and buccal regions and polished surface of the mandibular denture with use of Fit-Checker. When a mandibular denture is dislocated with a mouth widely open, this method is useful.

View full abstract

Many clinical investigators affirm that cancer chemotherapy used in the management of neoplastic diseases is an important method along with surgical therapy and radiation therapy. Anatomical, functional, and cosmetic considerations make cancer chemotherapy for oral cancer more important. Among many anti-cancer drugs, many oral surgeons use Mitomycin C (MMC) and Bleomycin (BLM) for oral cancer chemotherapy. Reports have already been made on MMC's wide spectrum for experimental tumors and on its excellent clinical anti-tumor activity. Mitomycin C has most frequently been used as the base drug in a combination therapy in which various anti-tumor agents are combined. Bleomycin shows specific indication for squamous cell carcinoma and many oral cancers are squamous cell carcinoma in histological type. Bleomycin is therefore the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in clinical trials for the maxillofacial region. However, the cytocidal effect of these drugs works not only on the tumor cells but also on the normal cells and tissue, and involves rather extensive specific side-effects because of their toxicity. In view of the tumor-drug-host relationship, an investigation of the cytocidal effect of anti-tumor drugs on the normal cells and tissue will be of clinical value. Therefore, the effect of MMC and BLM on the submandibular glands in domestic rabbits was investigated histopathologically. The results were as follows : 1. In A cells (cylindrical or columnar in cell form, chromatin-rich neucleus, and with a achromatic net) and B cells (similar to A cells in cell form and neucleus, but contain, in the cytoplasm which stains intensely with eosin, large granules which are highly positive to PAS stain and stain red with Azan), both of which constitute the terminal unit, both high and low dose groups of MMC and BLM showed pycnosis, variation in shape, interacinous stagnation and space, and atrophy of acinous cells, as compared with the control. These findings were more apparent in the high dose group than in the low dose group, and with an increase in the number of dose administration. Especially, in the high dose groups of MMC and BLM, B cells showed a significant decrease in PAS positive substance and in large granules which stain with Azan. 2. In the epithelial cells of the ducts which constitute the intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory ducts, as compared with the control, both high and low dose groups of MMC and BLM showed pycnosis, snisonucleosis, and variation in shape. A space appeared distinctly around each duct and atrophy was observed. These findings were more apparent in the high dose group than in the low dose group, and with an increase in the number of dose administration. In both high dose groups of MMC and BLM, disappearance of the epithelial cells of the ducts was observed in the cases of 10 and 15 dose administrations. 3. In the interstitial tissue, fibrous connective tissue showed a tendency to proliferate in the high dose groups of MMC and BLM. 4. Between the MMC and BLM groups, no pathohistological differences which were clearly attributable to drugs could be determined. This findings was considered to have arisen from the fact that both anti-cancer drugs inhibit DNA synthesis. 5. On the basis of the present experiment on the effect of MMC and BLM on the submandibular glands in domestic rabbits, it was considered that the anti-cancer drugs decrease cellular functions gradually according to the amount administered more than destroy cells directly.

View full abstract

Effect of X-rays on peripheral blood after local irradiation is presented in this paper. Irradiation was given with 200 kVp X-rays to the mandible of adult dogs. Variations of peripheral blood were compared with those of the group of osteoradionecrosis and those of the group of non-osteoradionecrosis. Results are as follows : 1. In the group which developed osteoradionecrosis, the red blood cell count decreased after development of osteoradionecrosis, and hemoglobin and hematocrit also showed a decrease in number. In the group of non-osteoradionecrosis, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased in number after X-ray irradiation. 2. In the group which developed osteoradionecrosis, the white blood cell count increased markedly after development of osteoradionecrosis, but no variation of the white blood cell count was seen in the group of non-osteoradionecrosis. 3. In the group which developed osteoradionecrosis, the differential count of white blood cells showed the normal ratio of lymphocytes, but showed a low ratio of eosinophils. In the group of non-osteoradionecrosis, the differential count showed high ratios of lymphocytes and eosinophils, but showed a low ratio of neutrophils after X-ray irradiation.

View full abstract

Evaluation of the photographic characteristics on the two kinds of Kodak dental X-ray film, Ektaspeed film and Ultraspeed film, is done by means of characteristic curve and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) curve in this study. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The photographic sensitivity of Ektaspeed film is 1.90 times that of Ultraspeed film. 2. The photographic contrast of Ektaspeed film is higher than that of Ultraspeed film. 3. MTF of Ektaspeed film is a little lower than that of Ultraspeed film.

View full abstract

Conventional occlusal radiography and periapical dental radiography are usually applied to a radiological examination of the maxillary anterior region. In these radiographic techniques, however, we can not detect an acurate labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region. To determine an acurate labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region, central X-rays must enter parallel to axes of the maxillary anterior teeth. There are some radiographic techniques in which central X-rays enter parallel to axes of the maxillary anterior teeth, which are sometimes called an axial occlusal projection. One of the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth, using a special intra-oral cassette accampanied with an intensifying screen, is tried fundamentally in this study. This radiographic technique has also a characteristic that it can be done by a dental X-ray machine. The purpose of this study is to compare the radiographic findings obtained by the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth with the radiographic findings obtained by the conventional occlusal radiography. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In the conventional occlusal radiography, the alveolar ridge of the hard palate appeared sharplly, but the posterior region of the hard palate and the labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region were not distinct. 2. In the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth, the posterior region of the hard palate and the labio-lingual relationship were clearly delineated, but the alveolar ridge of the hard palate was poorly defined. 3. The conventional occlusal radiography and the axial occlusal projection should be used for the diagnosis of the maxillary anterior region. These two techniques supplement each other.

View full abstract

A case of chronic osteomyelitis in the left mandible has been encountered. This case may have developed probably from an infection of dental origin and extended from the left second premolar to the left second molar. The therapy was performed by partial mandibular ectomy of the affected area including the surrounding normal bone. The patient treated by this technique was completely cured, with a postoperative observation period of 15 months.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to obtain the system that enables analyses of the relationship between the jaw movements and associated electromyographic activity, automatically and quickly, for many cases during chewing in man. Experiments were carried out on the computer based system that was developed in order to record and analyze the displacements of an incisor point of 3 dimensions of the mandible by using magnetmeter (MKG) and the EMG activity with a surface electrode for the simultaneous measurement with jaw movements. Sampling of both signals of multiple chewing cycles was carried out on 12 bit A/D converter at 1 KHz sampling frequency. The raw data derived by the MKG distorted greatly and showed nature of nonlinearity and by the surface electrode myography from right and left masseter muscles possessed high frequency components. And so signals of displacements were corrected with the method of least squares during linealyzing process and signals of EMG activity were smoothed with the method of moving average as a low pass filter during data smoothing process. Contour analysis of the chewing pathway and pattern of EMG activity during function allowed drawing of thier graphic figures that were quantitatively strict. The results and advantages of this system are as follows ; 1. Transformation from MKG output (volt) to distance (mm) was done by polynomial regression of 4-th order function of 3 variables. 2. Mean errors of correction of MKG data were 2.0% in lateral, 2.7% in anteroposterior, and 1.9% in vertical within a cuboid of 16mm wide, 14mm depth and 18mm height. 3. Total error of this system was 0.1mm within above range. 4. The programming was accomplished in order to correct not only the mandibular movement data at a time but also the continuous data of multiple chewing sequence. 5. Velocity profile was obtained by differentiation of jaw displacement. 6. The starting and ending points of the jaw movement were determined by the computer program. This starting point was used a common trigger for both EMG activities and jaw displacements. The trigger discriminates cycle time from multiple chewing cycles. 7. This system determines the motion and motionless periods, the time of maximum opening of jaw movement, duration and interval of EMG burst and integrated EMG value in each chewing strokes, respectivery. 8. The system represents mean value, unbiased variance and value of average change of above parameters. 9. The nomalization of displacements, velocities, and EMG amplitudes with the mean cycle time gives thier mean profiles. It was suggested that this method should be usefully not only in the study of mastication but also in the clinical apllication for prosthodontics.

View full abstract

Studies were made of particle size distribution, ratio Rd/Td etc. of the dust generating through 4 kinds of instruments, Stump bur, Toughron point, Sand cup (coarse) and Sand cup (Fine) under variable load and rotational frequency on 3 kinds of materials, ordinary gypsum, hard plaster and improved hard plaster. The results obtained are as follow : 1) The characteristics of instrument had the greatest influence upon the particle size distribution. 2) Harder material had more constant particle size distribution, and greater distribution for smaller particle diameter. 3) Higher rotational frequency and smaller load had greater ratio Rd/Td, from a fact indicating it might be that, for the same material and instrument, the distribution points to a constant direction over a certain value of condition. 4) Approximate ratio Rd/Td was 1 : 2.5 to 10 for ordinary gypsum, 1 : 2.5 to 7 for hard plaster and 1 : 2 to 8 for improved hard plaster. A part of this study was presented at 31th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Dental Health held in Tokyo, September, 1982.

View full abstract

The mandibular bone cyst, often referred to as 'solitary bone cyst', 'traumatic bone cyst', 'Hemorrhagic bone cyst' and 'simple bone cyst' has been described by Pommer. Szerlip, How and others. There have been many cases reported since the first was described by Lucas in 1929. Recently, the authors studied three cases of mandibular bone cyst. The patients were 49 years old female and 16 and 14 years old males. The first case was located in the body of the left mandible and in the anterior region of the ramus. The second and third cases, cysts were located at the left mandibular body region. Excision of the cysts was done and the good results were oftained. The authers compared with the others reports about histrical, clinical and hist-pathological charactristic factors. And the detail of these case reports were as follows.

View full abstract

The designing of incision line is the most important point when the plastic and reconstractive surgery for the diseases of facial region are done. Because the suitability of design are related with the post-operative scar ugliness. Untill now, the many workers discribed and operated about using of plastic and reconstructive plannings. The authors encountered a patient who appeared a atheroma at the right cheek region on March 10, 1978. And of its largeness was the size of the tip of thumb. Atheroma is the retention cyst of sebaceous gland or the dermoid cyst for congenital malformation, and occasionally stems from the arteriosclerosis. Now, the authors discussed about many plastic design which was adapted to this case. The final planning was determined as the application with the combination method of bioster-eometric analysis and using of cleavage lines of face. The mesh of 1 cm square which was preliminary arranged was projected on biostereometric photograph, and incision line was drawed on it. This line was reflected on the face after the operation field was disinfected. The tumor was extirpated under local anesthesia, whose pathological diagnosis was the retention cyst of sebaceous gland. So far, the progress is doing well and the deformity or functional distubance are not recognized. The details of this report were as follows.

View full abstract

This is a case report of malignant hyperthermia. The patient was a 10 year-old male who was undergoing general anesthesia for cleft palate operation. He had experienced general anesthesia three times before, but there was no trouble. Anesthesia was induced with nitrous oxide-oxgen-halothane and trachea was intubated with two successive intr avenous injections of succinylcholine (SCC) 30 mg. After injection of SCC, rigidity of muscle, tachycardia (180/min) and ventricular arrythmia appeared. Arterial blood pressure fell to 70/30 mmHg. The rectal temperature rapidly increased from 36.8 ℃ to 39.0 ℃ within one hour. Anesthesia was changed to neuroleptanesthesia and the operation was completed as fast as possible. The patient was treated with infusion of iced saline, surface cooling with alcohol, controlled ventilation, correction for the acid base imbalance and administration of diuretics. The temperature returned to 36.9 ℃ in one hour. Post-operative creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase level remained high for 12 days. The patient was discharged without sequelae on the 10th post-operative day.

View full abstract