A total of 1, 173 Nagasakians, males and females and from 6 to 30 in age, were given panoramic roentgenography and investigated for retention, eruption, impaction, and absence of wisdom teeth. The results were as follows : 1. For the subjects as a whole, the retention rates of wisdom teeth were 73.8% in the maxilla and 80.3% in the mandible for the males, and 77.5% in the maxilla and 83.1% in the mandible for the females. The mandible showed higher retention rates than the maxilla for both males and females. 2. The retention rates for the subjects 15 years old and older were 77.4% in the maxilla and 86.5% in the mandible for the males, and 74.7% in the maxilla and 83.6% in the mandible for the females. The mandible showed significantly higher rates than the maxilla. Bilateral and sex differences were not recognized. 3. By the number of wisdom teeth retained in both jaws, the type with 4 teeth present was found most frequently with 63.9% for the males and 62.0% for the females. The type with 4 teeth absent was found in 4.7% of the males and 7.7% of the females. 4. The eruption rates for the subjects 15 years old and older were 39.3% in the maxilla and 41.5% in the mandible for the males, and 27.7% in the maxilla and 35.6% in the mandible for the females. The eruption rates sharply increase after the age of twenty. The mandible showed higher rates than the maxilla and the males showed higher rates than the females. 5. Non-eruption of 4 wisdom teeth was found in 44.5% and eruption of 4 teeth in 25.1% of the males. The respective rates for the females were 54.0% and 18.5%. Other types were few. 6. The impaction rates of wisdom teeth for age group of 15 years old and older decreased with age, showing a sharp decrease after 23-24 years of age. 7. Impaction of 4 teeth was the highest with 24.5% for the males and 28.6% for the females, followed by bilateral impaction the mandible with 7.7% for the males and 6.4% for the females. 8. The impaction rate to the number of the wisdom teeth present was 49.3% in the maxilla and 52.1% in the mandible for the males, and 62.9% in the maxilla and 57.4% in the mandible for the females. The females showed higher rates than the males. 9. The impaction rates at unerupted sites were 62.8% in the maxilla and 76.9% in the mandible for the males, and 65.0% in the maxilla and 74.5% in the mandible for the females. Although no differences by sex were recognized, the mandible showed higher rates than the maxilla for both males and females. 10. The absence rates of wisdom teeth were 37.2% in the maxilla and 24.1% in the mandible for the males, and 35.0% in the maxilla and 25.5% in the mandible for the females. The maxilla showed higher rates than the mandible.

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The palatal glands of the guinea pig, Cavia cobaya, were examined by means of electron microscopy and histochemistry. The results are summarized as follows : 1. These glands are pure mucous in nature and consisted of at least three parts, the acinus, the intercalated and the excretory ducts. 2. Mucous cells composing the terminal portion of the gland contain secretory granules which show positive reaction to mucicarmine, PAS and alcian blue stainings. These reaction products are also seen in the lumen of the excretory duct. 3. The mucous cell contains a nucleus located near the cell base, well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum in the perinuclear region, prominent Golgi complexes in the supranuclear area and secretory granules in the upper half of the cell. Mitochondria are also the frequent component of the cell. The mucous cell contacts with the adjacent cells by junctional complexes and gap junctions. It seems that the secretory granules are discharged from the mucous cells by an irregular apocrine process. 4. Two to three myoepithelial cells are recognized on each terminal portion. They show positive reaction to alkaline phosphatase staining. Myoepithelial cell contacts with the mucous cell by well developed desmosomes, and the basal lamina by half-desmosomes. 5. The intercalated duct is poorly developed. The epithelial cells of the excretory duct are cuboidal in shape and contain well developed Golgi complexes, abundant mitochondria and lysosomes. The lateral borders of the neighboring cells are conjoined with the junctional complex near the lumen and interdigitate near the base. The basal cell of the excretory duct having single cilium is observed occasionally. 6. Many nerve fibers having beaded varicosity distribute in the interacinar connective tissue. The nerve fiber contains dense-cored vesicles of about 120nm in diameter and small clear vesicles of about 60nm in diameter. The intra-acinar nerve endings are also observed frequently.

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The extent of incidence of dental diseases in the Taiwan aboriginal children have been a subject of interest. Little, however, has been reported because of the geographical peculiarity. A study on the Taiwan aboriginal children (Ami, Bunun, Paiwan and Rukai tribes) was therefore made in July and December 1979. A total of 530 subjects, 276 males and 254 females, from 3 to 14 in age were studied on their dental diseases and the oral environment. The results were as follows : 1. The mean number of deciduous teeth was a maximum of 19.83±0.14 in the males and a maximum of 19.74±0.21 in the females at the ages from 3 to 5, and showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in age in both males and females. 2. The percentage of prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth showed a particular high values of 88% or more at the ages from 3 to 10 in the males and the ages from 3 to 9 in the females. The males showed a significantly higher value (p<0.05) than the females at 13 years. 3. The df tooth rate was 42-64% at the ages from 3 to 11 in both males and females. The rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the males than in the females for the ages from 3 to 5, and in the females than in the males for 9 years. 4. The mean number of df teeth showed 9.78±0.93 in the males and 8.37±1.03 in the females at the ages from 3 to 5 and a maximum of 10.69±0.95 in the males and 10.87±0.87 in the females at 6 years. After 7 years, a decreasing tendency with an increase in age was observed in both males and females. No significantly difference between males and females was showed for each age. 5. The OHI was a maximum of 4.17±0.17 in the males and a maximum of 4.14±0.21 in the females at 7 years, and fairly constant at 3.2-4.2 at the ages from 3 to 13 in both males and females. The OHI was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the females than in the males for 9 years and in the males than in the females for 14 years. The DI was significantly higher (p<0.05) in aboriginal children than in Japanese children at 7 years in the males and at 9 years in the females. 6. The PMA index was a maximum of 2.15±0.96 in the males and a maximum of 1.54±1.22 in the females, and fairly constant at low level in both males and females for each age. The aboriginal children showed significantly lower values (p<0.05, 0.01) than the Japanese children for each age. On the basis of the foregoings, high incidence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and poor of oral hygiene were observed in the aboriginal children. Therefore, it is seemed to be suggested very important subjects for dental public health in Taiwan.

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The extent of incidence of dental diseases in the Taiwan aborigines living as pure race in closed community have been a subject of interest for dental public health. However it has never been reported about Paiwan or Rukai tribes because of the geographical peculiarity. A study on the Paiwan and Rukai tribes was therefore made in July 1979. A total of 233 subjects, 111 males and 122 females, from 9 to 30 in age were studied on their tooth and periodontal diseases and condition of oral hygiene. The result were as follows : 1. The mean number of the erupted permanent teeth was a little higher value, but no significantly difference was showed, in the females than in the males for the ages from 9 to 15. 2. The percentage of persons with one or more DMF teeth was a maximum of 98.11±1.87% in the males and a maximum of 100% in the females for the ages 9 to 15, and showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in age. No significantry difference between males and females was showed for each age group. 3. The mean number of DMF teeth showed a increasing tendency in the males and females with an increase in age and a maximum of 10.35±1.27 in the males and 11.08±0.91 in the females was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. At the ages from 9 to 15, most DMF teeth were decayed teeth (DT) in both males and females. At the ages from 16 to 30, 84% or more of DMF teeth were decayed teeth (DT). 4. The mean number of DMF tooth-surfaces showed a increasing tendency in the males and females with an increase in age and a maximum of 20.10±3.73 in the males and 20.89±2.28 in the females was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. 5. The DMF tooth rate was 26.36±1.48% in the males and 26.75±1.31% in the females at the ages from 9 to 12 and showed a little increasing tendency with an increase in age and a maximum of 35.38±1.98% in the males and 37.86±1.48% in the females was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. 6. The OHI tended to increase in both males and females with an increase in age. A maximum was 5.82±0.31 in the males and 5.01±0.21 in the females at the ages from 16 to 30. The males showed a significantly higher value (p<0.05) than the females at the ages from 16 to 30. 7. The PMA index tended to increase in both males and females with an increase in age. A maximum was 5.60±1.72 in the males and 3.28±0.80 in the females at the ages from 16 to 30. It was higher value in the males than in the females for each age group although no significantry difference was showed. On the basis of the foregoings, the aboriginal popuration examined was characterized by high prevarence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene, lack of awareness of oral health needs and exhibits no evidence of sustained dental hygiene and introduction of progrum of caries prevention in their community.

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The healing process of the alveolar region following the tooth extraction has been studied extensively in animals. The histopathological changes of the other region in the mandible, however, has not been investigated in detail after the teeth extraction. Therefore the mandible were observed in the region of the alveolus, bone mallow, mandibular canal and the lower ridge on 5th, 10th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days after the extraction of <|1&acd;8>^^^-. The results were as follows : 1. The interdental septum in the region of <|456>^^^- had already made the new bone in the 5th days after the extraction. The new bone formation in the region of <|123>^^^- and <|78>^^^- were observed in the 10th days after the extraction. The order on the new bone width is the region of <|456>^^^-, <|78>^^^- and <|123>^^^-. These findings were not observed after 60th days. The formation of the Haversian canals and the lamella bone were observed in 120th days after the extraction. 2. In the early stage after the extraction, the new bone formation was observed on the ridge of the spongiose bone in the bone mallow. Especially, its finding was remarkable on the ridge of the spongiose bone. In the region of <|456>^^^-, the new bone was connected between the spongiose bone and the other one near by. 3. The new bone formation of the outside lower ridge of the mandibular canal was observed from 5th to 60th days after the extraction. And from 60th to 120th days, its finding was also observed on the inside lower ridge. 4. From 5th days after the extraction, the fat cells in the upside bone mallow to the mandibular canal were not observed, and the young fibroreticulate tissue and the inflammatory cells were filled up. The fat cells were gradually increased. The 30th days after the extraction, the bone mallow was completely healed toward the control findings. 5. In the early stage after the extraction, the addition of the new bone was observed in the lower lingual ridge of the mandible. Its findings were remarkable in the premolar and the molar region. 6. It was remarkable to process the process the new bone formation in the alveolus, bone mallow and the mandibular lower ridge of <|456>^^^-. The next was <|78>^^^-, and <|123>^^^- region. 7. It was considerable on this experimental study that the mandible after the teeth loss was reinforced remarkably with the addition of the new bone.

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スイス, Solco Basel社から発売されているSolcoserylが胃, 十二指腸潰瘍, 腫瘍並びに脳血管障害の治療剤として効果をあげていることは多くの文献報告で明らかであり, 日本ではSolcoseryl注射が使用されている.しかし, 骨折や骨欠損に対する報告例は日本ではみられず, またこれまで適応とされていない.そこで著者は骨折の治療にSolcoserylが定性的に, また定量的に影響を与えるか否か検索を行っている.今回, 6頭の雑犬を使用し, 下顎骨骨体部を骨折させ, Solcoseryl投与群と対象群を術後1, 2, 3週について病理組織学的に比較検索を加えた.その結果, 全てのSolcoseryl群は骨折修復が対象群に比較して早いことがわかった.このことから, Solcoserylは骨折の際の骨再成に対し, 定性的には影響を及ぼすことが示唆された.

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ニュートラルゾーンテクニックは, ニュートラルゾーン(以後, N・Zと記す)内に適切に人工歯が排列され, さらに義歯床辺縁および研磨面からの周囲組織の動態と緊密に適合することによって, はじめて効果的な義歯の維持安定が確保されるという基本的理論に基づいた術式であり, その成果は術者および患者の両者によって大きく評価されている.しかしながら, N・Zは歯牙の喪失および歯槽骨の吸収によって生じた空隙であるために, それ自体が口腔内で占める領域, 形態は, 一定であろうという既成概念があり, その再現性つまり定形性等について行った根本的な研究は見当らない.この研究では, 同一条件下で, 同一術者が繰返えし記録した場合のN・Zの部位および形態の動向と, さらに条件を変えた場合について, 仮想咬合平面上で検討した.当術式によるN・Z記録の再現性は予期していたよりはるかに小さく, 同一患者におけるN・Z中点の記録間で統計学的に有意差の出る割合いは, 切歯部で55.4%, 臼歯部では66.4%であり, 幅については切歯部では41.8%, 臼歯部では49.1%であった.N・Z記録における頬舌的中央線はほとんどの症例で歯槽頂より唇頬側に位置しており, その平均値は切歯部で4.66mm, 臼歯部で1.87mmであった.また繰返えしによる中点のバラツキは臼歯部より切歯部で大きく, 逆に幅については切歯部より臼歯部が大きかった.切歯部と臼歯部の中点間ならびに幅間には正の相関関係がみられたが, 各それぞれ基準点における中点・幅間には認められなかった.他方, 異った条件下でN・Z記録を採得すると従来のものとの間にかなりの変化がみられたが, 術者が代わっただけの条件の変化では著明な変化はみられなかった.このことはN・Zは主として患者自身の機能運動によって記録されるものであり, ある程度の経験さえあれば術者の巧拙にはよらないということを示唆していると考える.

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The movement of the cases diagnosed with biopsy during the last 5 years (from January 1978 to December 1982) at the Second Department of Oral Surgery, Kyushu Dental College Hospital, were clinically analysed. The following results were obtained. 1. A series of 616 cases histopathologically diagnosed with biopsy has been reported. It constituted 7-9% a year of the total number of cases (7332). 2. The diseases in comparatively higher incidence of 616 cases were as follows : cystic disease, benign tumor and malignant tumor. Through the period, there was no change in the movement of these cases. 3. Malignant tumor constituted 13.5% of 616 cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (73.6%) was the most frequent malignant tumor and was 10-14 cases a year. 4. Benign tumor constituted 19.8% of 616 cases. Among the benign tumor, the disease in comparatively higher incidence was ameloblastoma in odontogenic tumor and fibroma in non-odontogenic tumor. 5. Cystic disease constituted 38.0% of 616 cases. Among the cystic diseases, the disease in relatively higher frequency was radicular cyst (29.0%) in odontogenic cyst and mucocele (26.9%) in non-odontogenic cyst. Through the period, mucocele was increasing in number. 6. Inflammation constituted 14.3% of 616 cases. The disease in the majority of inflammation was chronic inflammation (79.5%). In oral mucosal disease, leucoplakia was 53.0%. Through the period, there was no change in the movement of these cases. 7. Epulis constituted 4.1% of 616 cases. Epulis granulomatosa (32.0%) and epulis fibromatosa (28.0%) were more frequent disease. Through the period, there was no change in the movement of these cases.

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Hepatitis B virus may be spread by nonparenteral routes, recent studies have shown that the virus exists in and can be transmitted through saliva, blood, and other body fluids. The close contact that the dental hygienist and dental assistant have with both saliva and blood suggests that they examine carefully the status of their patients. The prevalence rates of HBs antigen and HBs antibody among the dental hygienist and dental assistant were examined. Of the 138 participants, five (3.6%) were HBs antigen positive and twenty-six (18.8%) were HBs antibody positive. The infection rate was lower than the dentist because of the short length of their professional experience.

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In this paper, a complication occurring during a surgical extraction and foreign bodies in the oral tissues hava been presented. We enucleated an apex of the elevator remaining within the mandible for three years

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