Male Wistar rats, three weeks old, were given calcium deficient food and bone debility was induced in them. Then, a treatment method combining 1α-OH-D_3 (0.1μg/kg, orally), an analog of active vitamin D_3, and ECT (0.2μg/kg, intramuscularly), an eel CT inducer, was used for four weeks, and the effect of the treatment method on debilitated mandibles was examined. The results were as follows : 1. Radiological bone density findings The control group showed an average of 1.41 mm, calcium-deficient diet group 0.98 mm, VD_3 group 0.40 mm, ECT group 0.43 mm, and the combination group 0.50 mm. A significant difference was found between the control group and the other four groups with 1% significance level, and the control group showed higher values. 2. Analytical findings of Ca and P on the X-ray analyzer Quantitative analysis by point analysis of Ca and P showed a significant difference with 1% significance level between the control group and the other four groups and the control group showed higher values. 3. Histopathological findings The four experimental groups as compared with the control group showed bone resorption in excess of bone formation and marked decrease of trabeculae in the lingual alveolar bone adjacent to periodontal membrane and in the alveolar bone adjacent to enamel organs, over the whole mandible. The VD_3 group and ECT group as compared with the calcium-deficient diet group showed about the same findings and the Haversian system in spongy bone was not found. In the combination group as compared with the VD_3 group and ECT group, increase in bone lacunae in compact bone was marked and the bone layer thickened. In the four groups exclusive of the control group, the alveolar bone adjacent to the enamel organs showed makedly homeostatic impairment of minerals due to calcium deficiency and extensive bone resorption due to involvement of stimulations from occlusal pressure and eruption of teeth, on the whole area. On the basis of the foregoing findings, bone remodeling is difficult to achieve with VD_3 and ECT used alone or in combination for debilitated bone. It was suggested that they function in a subsidiary capacity with inclusion of calcium and promote activation of bone remodeling.

抄録全体を表示

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b has been implicated as a causative agent of localized juvenile periodontitis. The serotype b-specific antigen (SPA) of this organism is known to be a polymer consisting of L-rhamnose and D-fucose. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of SPA and SPA-protein conjugate in mice. SPA was extracted from whole cells of A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y 4 by autoclaving and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephacryl S-300. SPA was activated with cyanogen bromide, and amino groups were added with adipic acid dihydrazide. The purified reaction product was coupled to bovine serum albumin (SPA-BSA) by using 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimetylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide or was biotinylayted in order to detect antibody. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with SPA or SPA-BSA (10μg) with chorela toxin B subunit (CTB) (5μg). After 28 and 35 days, the mice were intranasally immunized with SPA or SPA-BSA (10μg). Other groups were subcutaneously immunized with SPA or SPA-BSA (10μg) in complete Freund's adjuvant. After 28 days, the mice were immunized with the same antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. After 42 days, pirocarpine-stimulated saliva and serum samples were collected. Antibodies to SPA were measured by an avidin-biotin based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biotinylated SPA were immobilized on avidin-coated microtiter plates. Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice with SPA did not induce any antibody responses to SPA. However subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice with SPA-BSA induced high serum IgM and serum IgG. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with SPA and CTB did not induce any antibody responses to SPA. On the other hand, the immunization with SPA-BSA and CTB induced high serum IgM, serum IgG and salivary IgA responses to SPA. Serum IgM responses remained high level for 12 weeks after secondary immunization. Serum IgG responses increased with increasing time for 12 weeks after secondary immunization. Maximal salivary IgA responses to SPA were detected 4 weeks after secondary immunization and decreased with the elapse of time. These results suggest that the SPA-protein conjugate may be useful for developing a vaccine against periodontitis.

抄録全体を表示

TMJ sounds are easy to record simply by setting the sound sensor on the skin of TMJ region, and the recording method has no risk such as X-ray projections. To examine the correlation of TMJ sounds with clinical findings, we developed the frequency analysing system of TMJ sounds which consisted of the sound sensor, Mandibular Kinesiograph (MKG) and Sound Spectrograph. In this report, we discussed our new analysing system and method. The results obtained from the above were as follows : 1. By using this system, we were able to determine the time of onset, the amplitude and the frequency of TMJ sounds during mandibular movement. 2. It was impossible to determine the side of the noise of the subject who has TMJ noise on the bilateral sides. 3. The waves of low frequency levels were observed during mandibular movement. 4. The intensity of frequency components increased in low frequency levels.

抄録全体を表示

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an orthodontic index based on socially defined aesthetic standards. The DAI is useful in both epidemiological surveys to identify need for orthodontic treatment as shown by its use by WHO in ICS-II and as a screening device to determine priority for subsidized orthodontic treatment. Malocclusion in 1029 Japanese students and 176 Chinese students in Taiwan were evaluated using the DAI and the results were compared with those of 485 Native American students and 1337 white American students. The mean DAI scores on each of the ethnic groups, Japanese, Chinese in Taiwan, Native Americans and white Americans were 30.1, 25.9, 31.8 and 26.5. The mean DAI score of Japanese students is not significantly different from that of Native Americans, but significantly higher than those of Chinese in Taiwan and white Americans. There was no significant difference of the DAI scores between Chinese in Taiwan and white Americans. The results suggest that Japanese and Native American students possess higher need for orthodontic treatment than Chinese in Taiwan and white American students and that there is no common tendency of the DAI scores among three Mongoloid ethnic groups. On the other hand, characteristics of malocclusion in each Mongoloid ethnic group was evaluated by analysis for each DAI component (the DAI is composed of ten components). The results revealed common characteristics of malocclusion in Mongoloid groups as compared with the white American group as a standard. Mongoloid groups are greatly inferior to the white American group in four components of the DAI ; crowding in the incisal segments, largest anterior irregularity (maxilla), largest anterior irregularity (mandible) and antero-posterior molar relation. The findings in this study indicate that epidemiological survey using the DAI is useful not only for assessing and screening need for orthodontic treatment but also as a device to evaluate occlusal features in anthropological meaning, and strongly suggests an importance of heredity in etiology in malocclusion.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a lithium battery toothbrush in improving gingivitis. The experimental toothbrush had a 3-volt lithium battery installed in the handle and gave a small electrical charge to the teeth or gingival tissue. The control toothbrush was completely the same but without the battery against the experimental one. A double blind study was conducted for 16 weeks on 26 volunteer students aged 18-24. Gingival conditions of subjects were assessed by probing depth and according to the modified Papillary Bleeding Index. The modified Papillary Bleeding Index of experimental groups showed a significant decrease, although probing depth of experimental groups showed a similar tendency to that of control groups. This finding suggests that improvements in gingivitis might be expected through charging gingival tissue electrically in addition to mechanical plaque removal by toothbrush itself.

抄録全体を表示

Use of electrical stimulation to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue is effective in periodontal studies, but the volume of periodontal tissue regeneration by electrical stimulation was insufficient. Therefore, It was decided to use the technique of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) method for keeping the space of periodontal regeneration by use of poly (D, L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) ; (D, L-LA content : 76 mole%) with electrical stimulation for periodontal tissue regeneration. For the electrical stimulation method, the capacitively coupled electrical field (CCEF) method, which can be applied non-invasively was selected. The purpose of this study was to compare to the effectiveness of the GTR method with electrical stimulation to the GTR method alone, in periodontal regeneration to classIII furcation involvement. As experimental periodontitis was induced bilaterally in mandibular third premolars in dogs, flap surgery was performed and all defects were covered with poly (D, L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) ; (D, L-LA content : 76 mole%), so as to prevent soft tissue from proliferating into the defects. After 8 weeks, CCEF signal (sine wave, 60 kHz, 5 V peak to peak) was applied laterally for 4 weeks. Calcein bone labelling compounds were administered to mark new bone and cementum formation. After the application of CCEF signal, the dogs were sacrificed. Decalcified and non-decalcified sections were prepared for histological observation, and the following parameters were measured : the percentage of the length of new bone crest height to defect height (BC) ; the percentage of the distance of new cementum to the distance around the notch to notch (cC) ; the percentage of the area of new bone to that of the defect (BF) ; the length from the top of the soft tissue to the top of the furcation fornix (GM). The results were as follows : 1) BC was higher in value in the stimulated site than in the control site (stimulated site : 65.68±17.84% ; control site : 50.39±14.24%). 2) BF was markedly higher in value in the stimulated site than in the control site (stimulated site : 46.53±20.21% ; control site : 26.75±10.61%). 3) cC and GM did not show identical tendencies. 4) If the epithelium invaded into the defect at the stimulated site, new bone were formed actively. 5) According to the these results, it was suggested that the treatment method of combining the CCEF method with GTR method is useful as a reconstructive periodontal therapy in class III furcation involvement.

抄録全体を表示

Periodontal treatment combined with orthodontic treatment is on the increase. However, there has been little research about whether orthodontic treatment influences the condition of periodontal disease. In the present study, the nine lower second premolars of six mongrel dogs were intruded by means of expansion screw approach for four weeks. The teeth were divided into three groups, according to periodontal condition : Normal group=no attachment loss and normal periodontal condition (=normal gingiva), oral hygiene program once per three days ; Periodontitis group=attachment loss and experimental periodontitis, no oral hygiene program ; FO group=attachment loss and normal periodontal condition, with oral hygiene program. The following effects were examined : (A) change of gingival crevicular fluid by Periotron (PT) ; (B) change of probing pocket depth (PPD) ; (C) gain of probing attachment level (PAL) ; (D) histomorphometry with the use of microcomputer-based system ; (E) microscope effect (histological observation) on the alveolar tissue. The results were as follows : (A) The values of PT were markedly higher in the Periodontitis group than in the other groups. (B) The values of PPD showed that the FO group was greater than the Normal group, and the Normal group was greater than the Periodontitis group in the 4-week experiment. (C) The Normal group and the FO group showed a gain of PAL, and there was no gain or loss of PAL in the Periodontitis group in the 4-week experiment. (D) The length of the three groups (from base of epithelium to bone crest) following from high to low was : Periodontitis group>FO group>Normal group. The base of scaling was located beneath the level of the bone crest. On the average, the distance between the bone crest and the base of scaling in the FO group was 0.77 mm. (E) A slight infiltration of inflammatory cells appeared in the gingiva, epithelial attachment reached the cemento-enamel junction, and bone resorption in the alveolar crest was seldom observed in the Normal group. In the Periodontitis group, there were distension of epithelial cells and dissolution of supraalveolar fiber because of the severe infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. Many osteoclasts and bone resorption in the alveolar crest were observed. In the FO group, a few inflammatory cells, long junctional epithelium and bone formation in the alveolar crest could be detected. The ability to obtain new attachment was suggested, because the base of the epithelium was coronal to the base of scaling.

抄録全体を表示

The Obtura System (Ob), one of the thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha delivery systems, has been reported to have a good adaptation within the root canal system three-dimensionally. It has been demonstrated that the apical seal obtained with Ob was as effective as that produced by the lateral condensation method (LCM) when a sealer was used. In addition, the short chair-time is an advantage of Ob. However, one of the problems that has been reported was the lack of apical control with possible extrusion of Ob gutta-percha through the apical foramen. There were few investigations about the obturating length control of Ob gutta-percha. There were no studies of apical root canal preparation methods on the inhibition of gutta-percha extrusion. In this study, the first purpose was to evaluate the effect of the size of the apical seat (AMF) and the insertion depth of the Applicator tip on the obturating length control of Ob gutta-percha using transparent root canal models with apical openings. The second purpose was to evaluate the effect of apical root canal preparation methods on the inhibition of gutta-percha extrusion. The third purpose was to develop an appropriate usage of Ob for the obturating length control, which was combined with Opion carrier. LCM was used as a control group. The obturation time needed for each method was also measured. The length control of gutta-percha was evaluated on X-ray film using a Color Image Processor (SPICCA, Nippon Avionics co.) by measuring from the apical portion of gutta-percha to the apical seat in a 0.1 mm interval. The results were as following : 1. To provide the good length control with Ob, it was suggested that the insertion depth of the Applicator tip should be 3 to 5 mm forward the crown from the apical seat. 2. The apical step technique and the step back technique showed that an apical stop to prevent extrusion of Ob gutta-percha from the apical foramen was stronger than the Gross-man technique. 3. It was suggested that the Grossman technique when it had the AMF more than #55 also provided a fair apical stop. 4. Because Ob combined with Opion carrier could actually secure the working length during root canal obturation, it might produce the best constant length control. 5. The obturation time for Ob combined with Opion carrier was only 76 seconds, which was about half of the time for LCM. On the bases of the foregoing findings, we concluded that Ob combined with Opion carrier could be used effectively for the obturating length control.

抄録全体を表示

Endotoxin from the cell wall of gram negative bacteria plays an important role in periodontal disease as an initiative factor. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the transport of endotoxin from gingiva to each organ, and the change of neutrophil function after endotoxin injection. After injection of endotoxin into the gingiva of rats, endotoxin concentration was determined by endospecy method in the extract from each organ, such as gingiva, submandibular lymph nodes, spleen and serum. Neutrophil number and the function was also examined including superoxide (O_2^-) production with cytochrome c reduction method, cytokine (IL-1, G-CSF) production and phagocytosis. The results were as follows, 1. Endotoxin spread appeared in gingival tissue at first and then in submandibular lymph nodes and partly appeared in spleen after injection into the gingiva of rats with endotoxin. 2. Endotoxin concentration of gingival extracts reached the highest value immediately, rapidly decreased, and reached the lowest value at 72 hours after endotoxin injection. The concentration of submandibular lymph nodes extracts reached a maximum at 2 hours, and that of spleen extracts and serum reached at 10 hours after endotoxin injection. 3. The number of neutrophil began to increase at 2 hours, and reached a maximum at 10 hours after endotoxin injection. 4. Endotoxin, by itself, did not stimulate O_2^- production from peripheral blood neutrophils, but it did enhance the stimulating effect of PMA on O_2^- production. 5. O_2^- production of neutrophil began to increase immediately and reached a maximum at 10 hours after endotoxin injection. 6. IL-1 concentration in ultrasoniated extracts of neutrophils began to increase immediately, and reached a maximum at 10 hours after endotoxin injection. 7. G-CSF activity in serum began to increase at 2 hours and reached a maximum at 10 hours after endotoxin injection. 8. No marked change was recognized in phagocytosis of neutrophils. Above results showed that a high correlation was found between endotoxin concentration of serum and O_2^- produced of neutrophils, was also found among the intensity of G-CSF activity in serum, the number of the blood neutrophil, and the concentration of IL-1 in neutrophils, respectively.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of the present survey is to ascertain basic data on oral malodor at the community level and the relationship between oral malodor and oral health status. 2672 people aged 18 to 64 years who lived in Fukuoka Prefecture were measured for oral malodor using a portable sulfide monitor, assessed for their oral health status and interviewed about their life style. The subjects were divided into four examination groups : those examined in the morning within 2 hours from final oral activities, beyond 2 hours from final oral activities, and those examined in the afternoon also within 2 hours from final oral activities or beyond. Significant differences in volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) were not observed between males and females in every measurement group. For each age group both in the morning and in the afternoon, the VSC value was significantly higher in a time period beyond 2 hours from their final oral activities, such as eating, drinking tea, tooth brushing, than in a period within 2 hours from such activities. The VSC obtained from older age groups was significantly higher than that from younger age groups in both time periods in the afternoon. However, the VSC values were not significant between age groups in the morning. Correlation analysis demonstrated an association between oral malodor and tongue coating or periodontal conditions. However, no association was found between the VSC and the number of decayed teeth, quantity of plaque, frequency of tooth brushing or smoking habits. The percentages of persons having 75 ppb and over of the VSC, which was considered a socially acceptable level of oral malodor, ranged from 6% to 23%. The result suggests that at any time of the day 6% of a population have oral malodor and 17% have it part time depending on their health condition. These findings will provide basic information on oral malodor for planning and implementation of an oral health programme for the general population.

抄録全体を表示

Dendritic cells (DC) are a group of cells which are constantly expressing MHC class II antigen, that is essential to antigen presentation for initiating immune responses. DC include many types of cells which are named separately for the reason of investigative processes and distribution, such as Langerhans cells, follicular dendritic cells, interdigitating cells, lymphoid dendritic cells, interstitial cells, veiled cells, indeterminated dendritic cells and so on. Because these cells are very similar to each other, these cells are classified as a family of cells. On the other hands, some diffrences were also found among these cells, and it is not clear whether the classification is suitable or not. Previously, we made a monoclonal antibody, KO 3, against rat DC in lymph nodes, and reported that KO 3-positive cells were distributed in several tissues. In this paper, we examined the distribution of the cells reacting with KO 3, 1F119, which was the other type of antibody to DC in rat, and anti-MHC class II in rats, also studied the relation between the distribution of KO 3-positive cells in tissues and the molecular weight of KO 3-positive band in western blotting. The results were as follows : 1. MHC class II-antigen appeared at the appropriate cells reacting with KO 3 in various tissues of rats. 2. The distribution of KO 3-positive cells in tissues was very similar to that of 1F119-positive cells, with the except of brain and bone marrow. 3. KO 3-positive band, in western blotting, appeared at 3 different parts equivalent for 28, 33, and 35 kDa in molecular weight in tissue extracts. 4. There were no DC subfamilies having specific KO 3-positive band alone.

抄録全体を表示

Nifedipine, one of calcium-channel blockers, has been applied clinically to disorders such as essential hypertension, renal hypertension and angina cordis, and has been rapidly gaining popularity in Japan. This drug works on the cell membrane and obstructs the influx of calcium ions into the cell. This change depresses contractility, dilates the coronary arteries and decreases myocardial oxygen consumption. On the other hand, this drug has side effects, one of which is gingival hyperplasia. Recently, medications such as diphenylhydantoin and nifedipine have been reported to cause gingival hyperplasia. This paper presents three cases of gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine.

抄録全体を表示