Our former report showed that palatine tonsil effectively incorporated exogenous foreign substances instilled at the surface of palatine tonsil. It is not clear whether antigen specific secretory IgA can be induced by the instillation. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were instilled at the palatine tonsil every three days as antigen and the appearance of specific secretory IgA in saliva was examined. In control experiment, nasal administration and intragastric one, which have been shown to induce secretory antibody in saliva, were done. Anti SRBC antibody in saliva from tonsillar instillation group was detected in the second week and the agglutination titer reached a maximum in the 6th week after the instillation. The titers in their maxima in tonsillar instillation group and nasal administration group were higher than that in intragastric administration group, 16 times (p<0.01, n=7) and 4 times (p<0.01, n=7), respectively. In tonsillar instillation group, the number of specific antibody producing cells per 10^5 lymphocytes was the highest in parotid glands among the lymphoid tissues as retropharyngeal lymph nodes, nasal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, cervical lymph nodes, palatine tonsil and spleen. In nasal administration group, the number in nasal mucosa was the highest. The results showed that tonsillar instillation was the most effective administrating method to induce specific IgA in saliva among the three methods.

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Antibody producing hybridomas were prepared by fusing immune spleen cells of a BALB/c mouse with myeloma cells. Nine hybridomas were isolated and their culture fluids were examined by enzyme immunoassay for reactivity with various strains of S. cricetus (serotype a), S. rattus (serotype b), S. mutans (serotype c, e, and f) S. sobrinus (serotype d and g), S. downei (serotype h), S. ferus (serotype c) and other streptococcal species predominantly found in the oral cavity. Ascitic fluids were collected from mice receiving one (d2-11) of the hybridoma clones, precipitated with ammonium sulphate, and purified a on DEAE-cellulose column. A polysaccharide antigen was extracted by autoclaving the cells of S. sobrinus (MT615R) in saline solution and purified on DEAE-Sephadex A-25, Sephadex G-200 and CM-Sephadex columns. The purified polysaccharide antigen consisted of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose, when determined by chemical analyses. Reactivity of purified monoclonal antibody (d2-11) was examined by enzyme immunoassay, precipitin reactions, and competitive precipitin inhibition tests. It was found in enzyme immunoassay using whole cells of microorganisms that the antibody reacted only with strains of S. sobrinus and S. downei and not those of many streptococcal species. It was also found in the competitive precipitin inhibition tests that β-galactpyranoside had a marked inhibitory effect while galactose and maltose had lesser effects. These results indicated that the β-galactosyl moiety is the structure involved in the predominant antigenic determinant of the cross-reactive polysaccharide antigen. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody should be useful for a rapid identification of the streptococcal species among oral streptococci in dental plaque.

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Calcium-deficient food was given to three-week old Wistar rats and bone debility was induced in them. Then, standard food and mixed food (standard food : cattle bone powder=3 : 3) were used and an investigation was made on the effect of calcium food treatment on the growth of cartilage of the mandibular condyle, bone remodeling, and bone reconstruction. The results were as follows : 1. Histopathological findings Chondrocytes of the mandibular condyle in the control group were regularly arranged and divided into five zones. Chondrocytes of the mandibular condyle in the calcium-deficient food group were arranged thick. Chondrocytes in the proliferic zone showed decreased in cells and an abnormal increase in chondrocytec in the hypertrophic zone. Calcified matrix surrounding hypertrohic chondrocytes decreased and the findings of invasion of calcified matrix also decreased. Young bones found in the subchondral bone formation zone were markedly decreased and disappeared, and most trabeculae were low calcified layers. In the calcium-deficient food + standard food group, findings of invasion of calcified matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes, of chondroclasts, and of calcified matrix increased. In the subchondra bone formation zone, young bones increased and the trabeculae below also showed an increasing tendency, but low calcified images of osseous layers were still seen. The calcium-deficient food + high calcium food group, as compared with the calcium-deficient food + standard food group, showed an increase in hypertrophic chondrocytes. The calcified matrix surrounding hypertrohic chondrocytes decreasd, and findings of invasion of calcified matrix by chondroclasts also decreased. In subchondra bone formation zone, the trabeculae below decreased in part, and low calcified layers increased. 2. Scanning electron microscope findings The mandibular condyle in the control group were clear in form and thick bone matrices were found. In the calcium-deficient food group, chondrocyte layers became wider and lacune of chondrocytes with distinct and indistinct demarcation mingled. Trabeculae showed marked increase in resorption surfces, and decrease in trabeculae was clear. In the calcium-deficient food + standard food group, demarcation of lacunae of chondrocytes was about clear. Observation of the bone matrix showed networks of collagen fibrills on dense collagen fibrillsrunning in a given direction on the surface of the bone matrix. In the calcium-deficient food + high calcium food group, as compared with the calcium-deficient food + standard food group, chondrocyte layers were wide and chondrification (chondritic ossification) continuing toward the inferior direction was restricted. On the basis of the foregoing findings, in the calcium food treatment for debilitated bone, it became clear that bone resoption images decrease and that bone reconstruction by bone remodeling is active in the standard food group as comapred with the high calcium food group.

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The effect of physical exercise on the growth of metaphysis of tibia with electron microscope experimentally and also the effect of calcium intake with normal diet and calcium deficient diet after running exercise were investigated. The results were as follows : I. Scanning electron microscope findings Among normal diet group, bone formation remarkably increased in descending order of 2-exercise, 1-exercise and no exercise groups. In trabeculae, thickness, bone mass and form of arrangement remarkably increased in descending order of 2-exercise, 1-exercise and no exercise groups. The calcium deficient diet and no exercise groups as compared with the control showed thicker chondrocyte layers and increase in width of hypertropic zone in particular. Trabeculae continuing from subchondral bone formation zone showed active resorption findings and were formed thin. Among calcium deficient diet groups, however all groups showed about the same findings. II. Transmission electron microscope findings Among normal diet group, the number of osteoblasts showing active bone formation and osteocytes remarkably increased in 2-exercise, 1-exercise and no exercise groups. In the calcium deficient diet and no exercise groups in comparison with the control, osteoblasts were fewer in number and presented fibroblast-like morphology. The cytoplasm showed marked swelling of mitochondria and a marked increase in cristae. Osteocytes on the whole decreased, but many findings of osteoid osteocytes and young osteocytes were seen. Osteoclasts presented various morphology and were seen to increase and bone resorption was active. Mitochondria showed a tendency toward swelling and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum tended to enlarge. But, among calcium deficient diet group, all groups showed about the same findings. On the basis of the foregoing finding, physical exercise promotes the formation of bone matrix in the metaphysis of the tibia. It is therefore essential to take sufficient calcium.

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The purpose of this study was to examine which type of membrane was the most suitable for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) among three types of polypropylene membranes with the pore size 30.0, 5.0 and 0.6μm. Twelve rabbits and eight dogs were used in this study and the bony cavities were covered with these types of membranes. The histological evaluation was done to observe the grade of bone remodelling. The results were as follows : 1. In the control groups, the new bone tissue grew in a hollow shape. 2. In the groups covered by the membranes with the pore size 30.0μm and 5.0μm, the fibrous connective tissue invaded into the space between the membrane and the new bone tissue which appeared in a hollow shape. In addition, the penetration of cells and fibers into the porous structure of the membranes was noted. 3. In the groups covered by the membrane with the pore size 0.6μm, the new bone tissue grew near the membrane and the bone regeneration was almost completely formed. In addition, there were few cells which penetrated into the porous structure of the membrane. 4. In the groups of rabbits covered by the membrane with the pore size 0.6μm, the membrane appeared to guide the way that the new bone tissue grew. 5. In the groups covered by the membranes with the pore size 5.0μm and 0.6μm, the mineralization of the bone was delayed when they were compared with the control groups and with the groups covered by the membrane with the pore size 30.0μm. This study suggests that the most suitable porous membrane which can be used in the bone augmentation is that which can keep cells and fibers from penetrating into the porous structure of the membrane.

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In the chemotherapy for oral cancers, treatment results have gradually been improving through development of and improvement in drugs and also through studies on amounts and methods of clinical administration. At the same time, these anticancer drugs have various side effects and some drugs can often cause serious disorders of the lung, kidney, heart, myelopathy, and digestive apparatus. In an attempt to minimize the side effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Peplomycin (PEP) frequently used in the chemotherapy for oral cancers and to enhance additive or multiplicative antitumor effects by combining them with non-anticancer drugs, effects of the combination with Cepharanthin (Ceph), a biscoclaurine alkaroid, were investigated in vitro. For the cultivated cancer cells, KB cells of human pharynx cancer origin were used and cultivated for a fixed period. Then, two anticancer drugs, 5-FU and PEP, were combined with Ceph and administered to the cells. The cells were cultivated for 2, 3, and 5 days and their effects on the KB cells were investigated in terms of growth conditions by t-test and morphology. In addition, as to PEP found to be effective through the combination, combination ratios of PEP to Ceph were investigated. The results were as follows : I. Combination effects of various anticancer drugs with Ceph 1. No significant differences in genesistasis (p<0.01) or in cytomorphologic changes were found in the Ceph alone group (group A), as compared with the control group. Between the 5-FU groups (groups B, C, D) and the PEP groups (groups E, F, G), siginificant differences in genesistasis (p<0.01) and in cytomorphologic changes were found. 2. Between the 5-FU alone group (group B) and the 5-FU-Ceph combined groups (groups C, D), no siginificant genesistasis (p<0.01) nor marked cytomorphologic changes were shown. 3. Between the PEP alone group (group E) and the PEP-Ceph combined groups (groups F, G), siginificant differences in genesistasis (p<0.01) and in cytomorphologic changes were shown. 4. The foregoing results indicated that the combined application of PEP and Ceph in the present experimental concentrations enhanced antitumor effect, but the combination of 5-FU with Ceph did not show clear antitumor effect. II. Combination effects of various combination ratios of PEP to Ceph 1. In the combination ratio of 1 : 3 (group H), as compared with the PEP 0.1μg/ml alone group (group E), each of 3-, and 5-day groups showed siginificant genesistasis (p<0.01). 2. In the combination ratios of 1 : 6 (group I) and 1 : 10 (group F), as compared with the PEP 0.1μg/ml alone group (group E), each of 2-, 3-, and 5-day groups showed siginificant genesistasis (p<0.01). 3. In the PEP 1.0μg/ml alone group (group J), as compared with the combination ratios of 1 : 3 (group H), 1 : 6 (group I), and 1 : 10 (group F), each of 2-, 3-, and 5-day groups showed siginificant genesistasis (p<0.01). 4. In the combination ratio of 1 : 10 (group F), as compared with the combination ratio of 1 : 6 (group I), each of 2-, and 5-day groups did not show siginificant genesistasis (p<0.01). 5. On the basis of the foregoing results, the combination ratios 1 : 6 (group I) and 1 : 10 (group F), as compared with the PEP 0.1μg/ml alone group (group E), enhanced antitumor effect several times. Since Ceph has natural killer activity and can reduce the side effects of PEP as a biological response modifier, the present experiment results gave considerable suggestions for the clinical aspect, although many further experimental studies need to be made.

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The present study was scheduled to investigate the effects of the abrading tool and pressure on the performance of tooth preparation. Extracted human teeth were prepared for knife edge, chamfer or shoulder type full crown with regular and polishing diamond cylindrical stones under a pressure of 40gf or 100gf. Impressions of the prepared abutment teeth were then taken with a vinyl silicone impression material to make plaster dies. Precision of the finishing line and surface roughness were examined for the abutments and dies. When the regular diamond stone was used, it was found by the scanning electron microscopy that there were many large enamel chips on the finishing line. The prepared surface was smoother but the enamel chip was more marked in size and number by abrading under a pressure of 100gf than 40gf. The use of the polishing diamond stone could produce fairly smooth surface and caused no chips on the finishing line. The chips larger than 50μm in size on the teeth were nearly reproduced on the plaster dies, while those smaller than 20μm almost disappeared on the dies. Thus, it was found important to prepare the teeth under a pressure as light as 40gf and subsequently polish it with a fine diamond stone for preventing enamel chipping around the finishing line.

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Restoration with the use of GRAFT LCII was made for 20 deciduous teeth, 20 immature permanent teeth and 20 permanent teeth, all with C_2 on the proximal and labial surface of anterior teeth, and a clinical observation of these teeth was made for one year. The results were as follows : 1. Poor marginal adaptation after one year was found in 1 case (5.0%) of the deciduous anterior teeth and in 2 cases (10.0%) each of the immature permanent anterior teeth and the permanent anterior teeth. 2. One year after, morphological changes were seen in 1 case (5.0%) of the deciduous anterior teeth and in 2 cases (10.0%) each of the immature permanent anterior teeth and the permanent anterior teeth. 3. Staining and discoloration were seen in 1 case (5.0%) each of the deciduous anterior teeth, immature permanent anterior teeth and permanent anterior teeth. 4. Partial marginal discoloration was seen in 1 case (5.0%) of the deciduous anterior teeth and in 2 cases (10.0%) each of the immature permanent anterior teeth and the permanent anterior teeth after one year. 5. Secondary caries was seen in 1 case (5.0%) of the deciduous anterior teeth and in 2 cases (10.0%) each of the immature permanent anterior teeth and the permanent anterior teeth after one year. 6. Pulp reaction at the time of restoration was found in 1 case (5.0%) of the deciduous anterior teeth. No pulp reaction was found in either of the immature permanent anterior teeth or the permanent anterior teeth. 7. Pulp reaction at the recall was found in 1 case (5.0%) each of the deciduous anterior teeth and permanent anterior teeth, and in 2 cases (10.0%) of the immature permanent anterior teeth, but pulpal procedure was not required. On the basis of the foregoing findings, it is suggested that GRAFT LCII is effective for restoration of anterior teeth.

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Recently, porcelain laminate veneer restorations have been widely used for esthetical improvement of discolored teeth. However, the thickness of the porcelain shell is limited to at most 0.5mm and it may cause a difficulty in achieving the natural color appearance by fully eliminating the effects of the degree of discoloration. In the present study, the background color-hiding efficiencies of a commercial and two experimental masking porcelains were colorimetrically examined. Then, the shades of porcelain laminate shells prepared with the masking and body porcelains were also evaluated on several experimental background color bases substituted for the discolored teeth. The results obtained were as follows : 1. With the commercial masking porcelain consisting 80% body and 20% opaque porcelain particles, the clinically available thickness of 0.2-0.3mm was quite insufficient to hide the background color. It was necessary to prepare shells 0.8mm or thicker for completely hiding the white background and 0.7mm or thicker for black background. 2. When the porcelain shell prepared with 0.5mm thick body porcelain only was placed on the color bases, it showed large values of color difference from the body porcelain control specimen. 3. The shell composed of 0.2mm thick masking and 0.3mm body porcelains showed a constant lightness on any base ; however, it exhibited rather larger values of color difference from the control than the 0.5mm thick body shell. 4. The experimental masking porcelain containing 5 or 10% opaque porcelain was more effective than the commercial one for significantly reducing the color difference between the shell on the color bases and the control. Especially the former seemed favorable for the slight discoloration base, and the latter for the severe or mild base. 5. In general, the porcelain shell on the color bases was similar in shade to the control specimen of one smaller shade number of body porcelain than that used for the shell. It was suggested from the foregoing results that in the porcelain laminate veneer restoration the masking porcelain should not be expected to completely hide the tooth color but to help give desirable shade of the shell. On the basis of this concept, it is recommended for esthetically better performance to use the masking porcelain containing smaller amount of opaque particles and to fabricate the shell with the porcelain material of one larger shade number than intended in the shade guide.

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The proximal surfaces of the neighboring teeth keep in contact with each other on the contact point. The contact point changes to the contact area due to tooth attrition. In general, proper tooth contacts are the key to success in prosthetic treatment. In this study, the contact area of natural extracted teeth was examined morphologically as well as physico-chemically. Following results were obtained. 1. The contact area increased in area with increasing age, especially before age of 40. 2. Distance of contact area and proximal marginal ridge decreased with increasing age, especially before age of 40. 3. In Vickers' hardness measurements, phosphorous acid etching and an element analysis by the X-ray micro analyzer, physico-chemical character of a contact area surface could be the same as other surfaces of tooth enamel. These results suggest that age of the patient must be considered if the proximal contact area would be reconstructed by prosthetic treatment. In addition, there is little possibility of existence of a special physico-chemical character of the enamel surface of the contact area proposed by Sato et al.

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Sometimes different results were shown on food cutting ability in spite of using the same artificial teeth. It seems that one of causes was variance of test food shape. In this study the displacement of lower denture and the load transmitted to the tissue beneath the denture were examined on a simulated model in which it is possible to exchange three types of artificial teeth (0° teeth, 30° teeth and Levin lingual bladed teeth) in crushing stick-shaped foods. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Load transmitted to the tissue beneath the denture with Levin teeth was the most similar that it in clenching without food and the resistance was small in sticking teeth into foods. 2. Behavior of denture in crushing soft food was only small lateral displacement. Especially medial and distal displacement of denture in using Levin teeth was smaller than those of other types of teeth. 3. Lateral displacement of denture in crushing medium soft food (raw potato) was large in 0° teeth, 30° teeth and levin teeth in descending order. Moreover, vertical displacement of the denture was the largest on balancing side in use of 30° teeth and on anterior region in use of 0° teeth. Vertical displacement in use of Levin teeth was the smallest, especially upward displacement was not shown at all in anterior region. 4. Characteristic patterns were shown for each type of artificial teeth in crushing hard food (made of curnauba wax). However, there was no difference between lamina type foods and stick type foods. 5. The difference due to shape of foods was the most remarkable in soft food (boiled fish paste) and medium soft food. 6. An excellent property of sticking into foods was shown in crushing soft food and medium soft food in use of Levin teeth. In use of 0° teeth, the load transmitted to the tissue beneath the denture was large but the lateral displacement of denture was small in crushing hard food. In use of 30° teeth, the load was small but the lateral displacement was large in crushing hard food. Levin teeth was showed a moderate property between those of 0° teeth and 30° teeth. It seems from the foregoing results that inadequate designation of food shape was one of the cause each of disagreement on evaluation of artificial teeth of each kind. It is necessary to examine further many kinds of food shape because remarkable influence of food shape was shown in crushing soft food and medium soft food.

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Morphological study of the floor of maxillary sinus by means of three-dimensional reconstruction from facial CT images was put into practice. Materials in this study were the films of facial CT images which were taken for medical treatment of 100 patients at the out-patient clinic of oro-maxillofacial surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital. These patients consisted of 50 males and 50 females aged 20 to 39. Facial CT images of the healthy maxillary sinus were used for the 3D reconstruction. The results were as follows. 1. The morphology of the floor of maxillary sinus in 3D reconstruction from facial CT images was divided into five kinds of forms. According to 3D reconstruction, the morphology of the floor of maxillary sinus in panoramic radiographs was also divided into five kinds of forms. 2. Five kinds of forms of maxillary sinus were divided into two main groups. One group showed simple forms of the floor of maxillary sinus. The other showed complicated forms. The group of simple forms has two types and the other has three types. Each group accounted for 50% of all. 3. The group of simple forms of maxillary sinus has two types. One type is circular forms of the floor of maxillary sinus which accounted for 27% of all types. The other has flat forms of floor, which was 23%. 4. The complicated group has three types. One type has one convexity toward the lower side. This type was 17%. The type which has two convexities was 17% and another type having three convexities accounted for only 16% of the total. 5. The morphology of the floor of maxillary sinus in patients in their twenties showed simple forms in most cases, and these simple forms accounted for 87%. The morphology of the floor of maxillary sinus in patients in their thirties showed complicated forms in most cases. These complicated forms accounted for 81%. This morphological study showed that the form of floor of maxillary sinus in dentulous subjects became more complicated with advancing age.

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Day surgery is an operation under general anesthesia carried out for an outpatient who is not admitted to hospital. In pediatric surgery, day surgery has gradually become more popular for the advantages of avoiding separating children from their parents and others. On the other hand, in oral surgery there has no report on day surgery yet. We have carried out trial of day surgery for 5 outpatients. In 4 cases there was no problem and the patients and their families showed favourable understanding to day surgery. The last one is admitted for poor wakening. It was suggested that selection of cases is very important and that we have to cooperate with anesthesiologists and make the system satisfactory in order to carry out day surgery safely and smoothly.

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A severe case of oral and cervical cellulitis due to the periapical infection of the lower right molar was reported with an anatomical discussion of the extending route of cervical region in this article. The infectious inflammation of the present case permeated through the region of anterior mediastinal space via sheaths of cervical vessels and the oral floor from the periapical odontitis of the right lower first molar. The most visible route of its spreading from odontogenic lesion is the way from parapharyngeal space toward sheaths of cervical vessels anatomically.

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