The influence of adenosine on the antinociceptive effect for nitrous oxide, and morphine was studied by using the tail-flick test in rat. Under spontaneous breathing by 75% nitrous oxide and/or 75% nitrogen, analgesic effects were examined in 6 groups ; 75% nitrous oxide only inhalation group, nitrous oxide with aminophylline group, nitrous oxide with naloxone group, morphine group, morphine with aminophylline group, morphine with naloxone group. We determined that intrathecal adenosine A1 agonist (R-PIA) increased analgesic effect, but intrathecal aminophylline suppressed these analgesic effect. Seventy-five percent nitrous oxide inhalation increased analgesic effect by 75% (%MPE) at 30 minutes, and these analgesic effect could not suppress by using with intrathecal aminophylline or intravenous naloxone. Intrathecal morphine increased analgesic effect by 84% (%MPE) at 15 minutes point, but these analgesic effects were suppressed by using intrathecal aminophylline or intravenous naloxone. These results support that analgesic effects of nitrous oxide did not participated in opioid action or adenosine agonist at spinal cord, and the analgesic effects of morphine participated in opioid action or adenosine agonist at spinal cord.

View full abstract

In this study, fifty three subjects (male : 11, and female : 42, 18.7±2.9 years old) from five thousand three handred and seventy seven with the individual normal occlusion were selected according to Miyamura's standards, and were mainly examined about the posterior natural dentition, their occlusions and the contour of the buccal alveolar ridges in order to use as the reference materials when constructing complete prostheses, since it is generally said that the arrangement of dental teeth should be placed at the same position as natural teeth grow and the contour of the polished surfaces should be made up in the harmonious form with the surrounding tissues such as the tongue and cheek, just the same as that is found for the alveolar ridge contour of the dentulous. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The occlusal plane showed the inclination to the post-upper direction by 1.18±3.03 degree to the prosthetic plane at the medium of both incisal edges, and that of the right had a tendency to be slightly higher than that of the left. 2. The interconnected straight line between the buccal cusp and the lingual cusp of the upper first premolar passed through the mesial point by 5.6±5.0 mm from the mesio-lingual cusp of the opposite side upper first molar. In only 7%, and about 30% which included positional difference of 1 mm or less, the straight line passed along the just mesio-lingual cusp of the first molar. 3. The vertical distance from the plane which passes through the caspal position of the canine and the disto-buccal cusp of second molar to the mesio- and the disto-buccal cusps of first and second premolars, and first molar, and the mesio-buccal cusp of second molar were 1.0±0.5mm, 1.6±0.5mm, 2.0±0.6mm, 1.6±0.5mm, and 0.9±0.3mm respectively. And so the connected line of each molar buccal cusp made the deepest concave curve at the mesiobuccal cusp of first molar. Meanwhile the vertical distance to each lingual cusp from the same plane were 2.8±0.8mm, 2.8±0.9mmu 2.6±0.9mm, 2.5±0.8mm, 2.3±0.8mm respectively, and 1.6±0.6mm at the mesio-buccal cusp of second molar. 4. The rate of occlusal contact points of the central and the lateral incisal edges and the canal cuspid at the intercuspal position were 34.3%, 38.0%, and 54.6% respectively. On the molar groups, the contact points were found in 96.9% of the first premolar cusps of which the rate was the highest of all, and the contact points in 78.0% of the bucco-central cusp and in 72.0% of the bucco-mesial cusp of the second molars, and the second premolar were found in turn, but no contact point recognized on the lingo-distal cusp of the second molar. And also a-contact was 35.2%, b-contact 61.8%, and c-contact only 3.0%. The horizontal overlap of the last molar was 1.2±0.4mm, and the horizontal overlap and the vertical one were 1.7±0.5mm and 0.8±0.4mm respectively. 5. The lineal distance to the buccal cusp of the first premolar, the most projecting portion and the deepest portion of the buccal alveolar ridge contour from the cervical on the same section were -1.6±0.7mm, 0.6±0.3mm and -0.4±0.6mm, and that of the second premolar -1.9±0.6mm, 1.1±0.5mm and 0.3±1.0mm respectively. In molar portions, however, were observed many cases which gradually underwent a transition to the buccal membrane from the projecting portion of the alveolar ridge without exhibiting undercuts. On the basis of the foregoing findings, it was reconfirmed that the specific contour for the complete prosthesis had been made in the molar portions too, in spite of being made the tooth arrangement and the occlusion for the complete denture according to natural dentitions. The construction of complete dentures with which the patients content themselves will be easier by investigating the difference between natural dentitions and denture contours, and its reasons.

View full abstract

The purpose of this research is to clarify the traits of head, face and dental arch form of Xibo tribe by comparing with three other tribes Mongol, Man, Han living in northeastern China and Japanese. The somatological measurements of Xibo's head and face, and the casts of the dental arches were recorded from the 228 subjects of Xibo's young adults (108 males and 120 females) living in Shenyang city of China in September, 1997, and t-test was used to compare and assess the following respective items. The results obtained in this research were as follows : 1. Comparison of the male and the female on the mean values of head and face measurements. 1) Head length : The male is 174.06 mm and the female 169.28 mm, and both belong to the Short type. 2) Head breadth : The male is 154.15 mm, and the female 149.79 mm, both belong to Middle type. 3) Bizygomatic breadth : The male is 134.49 mm, which belongs to the Narrow type ; and the female 131.43 mm, which belongs to the Middle type. 4) Morphological facial height : The male is 116.89 mm, which belongs to the Low type ; and the female 112.49 mm, which belongs to the Middle type. 5) Cephalic index : The male is 88.65, and the female 88.54, both belong to the Hyperbrachycephalic type. 6) Morphological facial index : The male is 87.03, which belongs to the Mesoprosopic type ; and the female 85.69, which belongs to the Leptoprosopic type. 2. Comparison of Xibo tribe and four other tribes on the mean values of dental arch measurements. The shape of upper jaw in Xibo tribe is similar to Mongol, Man and Han tribes, but the length of former's lower jaw are slightly longer than those of other tribes except Japanese. The length of upper and lower jaws of Xibo tribe are siginificantly longer than those of Japanese respectively. 3. According to the Cluster analysis, Xibo tribe is the closest to Man tribe among five East Asian populations.

View full abstract

The electrolyzed strong or weak acid water has been widely used for sterilization and/or therapeutic treatment in clinical dentistry. It is essential for the practitioner to properly apply it under enough knowledge of its inherent characteristics. The present article involves its effective dental usages with some attentions to pay to avoid unexpected affairs.

View full abstract