The rate of use of Japanese style toilets clearly decreases by change of a lifestyle in Japan. The object of the present study is to clarify the relationship between squatting posture for excreation and movements of the hip and ankle joints. The subjects were Japanese 113 young and 79 middle aged women. Questionnaire and measurements using a goniometer were performed. About 20% of persons failed to squat down perfectly over the bowel of the Japanese style toilet, and it was noted that there were differences in the movements of ankle joints in left and right sides during squatting down. In conclusion, the stable squatting posture was significantly correlated with the range of motion in extension of the feet.

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A few cases of human renal arterial and venous anomalies (accessory renal artery and accessory renal vein) were found during an anatomical dissection course for co-medical students, which indicated supernumerary renal arteries in both sides of 3 cases and a retroaortic renal vein in 1 case. The former supplied branchings in the 5 segments (4 segments in front of the renal pelvis and 1 behind it) from outside of the kidney according to Graves (1971) . The retroaortic left renal vein coursed dorsal to the abdominal aorta and drained into the 3rd and 4th lumbar veins.
At the same time, double ureters were observed at the right side of 1 case. The superior ureter meant a vestige of the mesonephric duct, while the inferior was a true ureter. One renal arterial segment appeared to increase in this side.

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