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40 巻, 1 号
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多賀 誠1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1965/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe following two experiments were carried out to study 1) the difference in therapeutic effects between the combined regimens with primary antituberculosis drugs and those with secondary drugs, and 2) single and conbination effects of secondary drugs. Experiment 1: Young CF1 male mice, intravenously infected with H37Rv (v. u. 3.6×105) and left untreated for 3 weeks, were divided into 12 groups; SM, KM, INH, TH, SM·INH, KM·TH, SN·INH·PAS, SM·INH·ISOXYL, KM·TH·CS, KM·TH·ISOXYL, KM·TH·SF, and untreated control. After the treatment with these drugs for 7 weeks, they were necropsied at the end of each chemotherapy. SM 20mg/kg and KM 40mg/kg were administered twice weekly subcutaneously, and INH 4mg/kg, TH 12mg/kg, PAS 200mg/kg, ISOXYL 100mg/kg, CS 10mg/kg and SF (Sulfisoxazole) 40mg/kg orally once daily for six days weekly. Each mouse was examined for body weight, macroscopic changes of lung lesions, lung weight and the average number of viable tubercle bacilli in the lung at necropsy.
Results: 1. Combination effect of primary antituberculosis drugs containing INH on experimental tuberculosis in mice was due mainly to the effect of the administration of INH daily, and similarly combination effect of secondary drugs containing TH was due mainly to that of TH daily. Combination effect of secondary drugs containing TH was distinct, but much inferior to the effect of primary drugs containing INH.
2. Effects of SM semi-weekly and KM semi-weekly were found to be the same and found. to be much inferior to the effect of TH daily.
3. Any effect of SM semi-weekly, KM semi-weekly, PAS daily, ISOXYL daily, CS daily, , and SF daily, when added to INH daily or TH daily, was not observed. Experiment 2: Young ddY female mice, infected with H37Rv (v. u. 1.5×106) which had been preserved by the freeze-drying method since 1957, and left untreated for 2 weeks, were divided into 12 groups: -KM, TH, CS, PZA, KM·CS, KM·TH, TH·CS, KM·TH·CS, KM·TH·PZA, KM. CS. PZA, TH·CS·PZA and untreated control. They were necropsied at the end of each chemotherapy for 5.5 weeks. PZA 40mg/kg was administered six times weekly orally, and the other three drugs were given as previously mentioned. Each mouse which was killed at necropsy or died of lung tuberculosis during the treatment was examined for body weight, macroscopic changes in lung lesions, lung weight and amount of viable tubercle bacilli in the lung.
Results: 1. Marked therapeutic effects were observed in the groups treated with TH alone and also in the groups treated with TH in combination with other secondary drugs, but the difference among those groups was not found.
2. Effects of KM semi-weekly and CS daily were almost the same, and both were inferior to that of TH daily. Combined therapy of KM and CS was slightly more effective than single drug regimen.
3. PZA was not effective in single regimen; it did not show any increase in the effectiveness of the companion drug.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (725K) -
第1報 Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Capreomycin, Viomycin について永田 彰, 松本 光雄, 間瀬 南1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 6-11
発行日: 1965/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーAntimycobacterial activities in blood of streptomycin (SM), kanamycin (KM), capreomycin (CM) and viomycin (VM) were determined by means of the slide cell culture method (SCC method), and they were compared with in vitro activities of these drugs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (888K) -
片岡 哲朗1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 12-18
発行日: 1965/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe potency of old tuberculin has been assayed in Japan by the skin reactions of both human subjects and sensitized guinea pigs. However, test results on human subjects variy to a considerable extent due to the various degrees of tuberculin sensitivity, on one hand, and to the accerelated reaction influenced by the repeated tuberculin injection in the same site, on the other. In this connection, studies were carried out to settle a new rational assay method employing “Sequential test” on the guinea pigs, which are easily sensitized in a constant level and accordingly, the results obtained are mathematically analysable.
For the “Sequential test”, it is indispensable to obtain guinea pigs always sensitized in the similar degree. In addition, the animals are required to enable us to differentiate slight differences in reaction sizes elicited by various concentrations of tuberculin as sensitively as possible. To satisfy these requirements it was proposed to use the guinea pigs which are able to fill up the following conditions: (1) the reaction size produced by the injectien of a 1: 2, 000 dilution of tuberculin is between 14 and 19mm, and (2) the difference of reaction sizes produced by 1: 2, 000 and 1: 6, 000 dilutions of tuberculin is more than 4mm.
Using sixty sensitized animals selected by the conditions described above a standardization for assay method of tuberculin potency was attempted. On both sides of back of the animals, two different dilutions, 1: 1, 000 and 1: 4, 000, of tuberculin were injected symmetrically, 24 hours after injections reaction sizes were measured, and the differences of the reaction sizes due to two different dilutions and the mean square (U2) were calculated. These values calculated were converged respectively and were allowed to be analyzed statistically. The qualification of the tuberculin which is considered applicable for practical use was determined as follows: (1) the difference of reaction sizes between the standard dilution and the sample to be examined must be within 1mm, (2) the probabilities of producer's risk and consumer's risk must be 0.10 and 0.05 respectively, and (3) the value of standard deviation must be calculated from the value of U2 by using chi-square (X2) distribution. Both the acceptance number and the rejection number were determined, and assay diagram and table were made.
It was proved by the model experiments that this diagram is very useful as the new potency test of tuberculin with a high accuracy and practicability.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (926K) -
第1編大里 敏雄, 清水 久子1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 19-24
発行日: 1965/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーStudies were made on the transition of sensitivity for SM, INH and PAS of tubercle bacilli isolated from the patients treated by triple combination chemotherapy including SM and INH. Thirty eight cases were selected from patients admitted to the author's sanatorium during the period from April 1, 1962 to November 30, 1963 according to the following criteria:
1) moderately or far advanced cases,
2) cases with definite cavity,
3) cases with positive bacilli both on smear and culture,
4) bacilli isolated from patients before the beginning of treatment showed no or few growth (less than 1% with that on the control media) on the media containing 10 Jug Iml SM and on the media containing 0.1μg/ml INH,
5) cases treated by triple combination chemotherapy including SM and INH after admission.
Sensitivity of tubercle bacilli isolated from these cases before and during treatment was examined by the following procedures:
1) Media: Ogawa media,
2) Concentration of drugs
a) SM: each medium contains 2, 10 and 20 μg before coagulation, and because of absorption, actual concentration in each medium is estimated at 1, 5 and 10μg/ml,
b) INH: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1μg/ml,
c) PAS: 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/ml,
3) Inoculation of bacilli: Bacillary suspension of 1 mg/ml was prepared from the isolation culture or subculture by using grainding flask. Suspension was diluted, and 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 mg of tubercle bacilli were inoculated on the series of each 2 test media.
The transition of sensitivity for drugs was studied with special reference to the transition of bacillary findings and the changes in roentgenological findings, and the results were summarized as follows:
1. Among 38 cases, 34 cases converted to negative both on smear and culture during chemotherapy.
2. No marked changes in the sensitivity of tubercle bacilli for the 3 drugs was demonstrated during chemotherapy among cases converted to negative. As shown in Table 1, the rate of strains showing more than 10% growth on the media containing 1 μg SM and that showing more than 50% growth on the media containg 0.025 μg INH and 0.1 μg PAS, were nearly equal during chemotherapy.
3. Among cases converted to negative, no growth of bacilli was observed in 85 of 89 strains on the media containing 5 μg SM, in 88 of 90 strains on the media containing 0.1 μg INH, and in 56 of 62 strains on the media containing 1 μg PAS (Table 2). The growth rate of bacilli grwon on the media containing 5 μg SM compared with that on the control media was less than 3%, and that on 0.1 μg INH was less than 30%, and that on 1 μg PAS was less than 1%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (821K) -
水口 康雄, 徳永 徹, 室橋 豊穂1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. 25-29
発行日: 1965/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIn 1959 the thirteen strains of mycobacteriophage were isolated by the present authors from, the soil in Tokyo, and the biological properties of them were reported (Murohashi, T., et al.: Acta Tuberc. Pneu. Scand., XLI, 33, 1961). Recently two kinds of bacteriophage have been isolated from one of those 13 strains, Y 13, and named as Y 13 L and Y 13 S.
The Y 13 L produces a large plaque, 3 to 4 millimeter of diameter on the host bacteria, Myc. sp. Jucho, and the Y 13 S a smaller one, 0.7 to 1.5 millimeter of diameter. The particle sizes, revealed by electron micrographs of them were as follows: The head of Y 13 L is spherical with the diameter of approximately 80 mμ and the tail is about 140 mμ long, while the head of Y 13 S is cylindrical with the size of approximately 110×60 mμ, and the tail length is about 220 mμ.
The phage patterns of 117 strains of rapidly growing saprophytic mycobacteria to the above mentioned two phages were grouped into 3: the first group is susceptible to the both phages and 9 out of 117 belong to this group, the second is susceptible only to Y 13 S and 9 strains belongto it, and the third has no susceptibility to the both phages. Both phages have no activity against slowly growing mycobacteria. However, a mutant isolated from Y 13 L phage was able: to lyse human type and bovine type tubercle bacilli, and was named Y 13 A. This mutant, Y 13 A could also produce some growth-inhibiting area on the bacterial lawn of avian type and of some strains of unclassified mycobacteria, but it was concluded that this was not a real lysis. but just a growth-inhibition.
A strain of Myc. sp. Jucho resistant to Y 13 L was susceptible to Y 13 S, and vice versa.
Y 13 S phage was neutralized by anti-Y 13 L serum, but Y 13 L phage was not neutralized by anti-Y 13 S serum. The one-sided immunological reaction described above might be explained by assuming that Y 13 L might have antigen (s) other than that common to Y 13 S.
It was noticed that Y 13 L phage was closely related to D 4 (Froman) and A 6 (Takeya) in almost all of the biological properties, while Y 13 S resembled to Phagus choremis (Hauduroy) both in the antigenic properties and the particle morphology, and partially related to Y 7 in the antigenic property.
Availability of Y 13 L and S phages to the phage typing for mycobacteria was discussed; In similar way as in D 4, Y 13 L can be a key phage in the identification of Myc. smegmatis, and Y 13 S can also be useful to identify some group of saprophytic mycobacteria.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1317K) -
1965 年 40 巻 1 号 p. e1
発行日: 1965年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (42K)
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