The animals used in Experiment 1 were conventional male mice of ddS strain weighing 13 to 16g and those used in Experiment 2 were S. P. F. female mice of CF# 1-JCL strain weighing 16 to 18g. S. P. F. mice were suppliedfrom the Japan Central Laboratory for Experimental Animals. All mice were fed with compressed diets and water only. Room temperature and humidity were kept at 25±2°C and 50-60% respectively.
Heat Killed bacilli Scotochromogens P-6, Nonphotochromogens P-7, Photochromogens P-8 and BCG were suspended respectively in adjuvant, containing 8 volumes of paraffin oil (Drackeol No.6) and 2 volumes of mannide monooleate (Arlacel A.), and each suspension was emulsified with an equal volume of sterile physiological saline.
The immunization and infection were performed as shown in Table 1.
Namely, mice were immunized intramuscularly with 0.4ml of each emulsion. At 5 weeks after immunization, mice of each group were infected intravenously with human type tubercle bacilli H 37 Rv (Experiment 1) and H 37 Rv, P-6, P-7 or P-8 (Experiment 2) cultivated on Tween-albumin medium at 37°C for 7 days. At 3 and 6 weeks (Experiment 1), and 4 and 8 weeks (Experiment 2), three mice of each group were sacrificed withchloroform and the organs were removed aseptically. Tissue emulions were prepared by the grinding in motar and diluted with a 1 percent sodium hydrooxyde solution in the appropriate concentration and 0.1ml each of tissue emulsions was inoculated onto the slant of Ogawa's egg media.
The number of colonies per 10mg of tissue was computed by utilizing the dilutionsfactors.
The results obtained were shown in Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5. Judging from these results it will be summarized as follows: (1). Mice immunized with heatkilled BCG and unclassified mycobacteria (P-6, P-7, P-8) were more resistant to the subsequent infection of tubercle bacilli H 37 Rv than control mice, i.e., BCG had a highest grade of immunizing effect against tuberculous infection and P-6 provided better protection than P-7 and P-8. (2). Mice inoculated with dead bacilli of BCG and unclassified mycobacteria (P-6, P-8) showed the increase of resistance against the intravenous injection of P-6 and P-8, though the grade of the protective action of BCG was a little weater as compared with those of P-6 and P-8.

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Effect of Isoxyl (or Disoxyl^®) on the guinea pig tuberculosis was reinvestigated by 2 experiments employing per oral administration of the drug homogeneously suspended in camellia oil.
White, male guinea pigs weighing 300-400g were infected subcutaneously each with 0.01mg of M. bovis (Ravenel strain) prepared from 9 day old pellicle on Sauton liquid medium. Then, the animals were divided into 11 groups as shown in Table 1.
Isoxyl powder in the purity of 99.9% (Meiji Seika, Co. Ltd.) was suspended in camellia oil and 0.5ml of it was administered orally for 5 weeks, 6 times weekly employing a silver tube.
No difference was observed in the body weight curves among the groups in Exp. I as shown in Fig. 1. Contrary to this, marked decrease was observed in the non-treated control in Exp. II from 9th to 11th week after infection. In Exp. I, induration formed at the infection site one week after infection disappeared completely in the treated groups (3-6), whereas in the control group it developed into ulcer. In Exp. II, ulcer formed on the infection site healed completely in the groups of 8, 9 and 11 as early as 3 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and 80% in the group 10 (50mg Isoxyl) after 5 weeks drug administraion. Autopsy findings and the bacterial number recovered from viscera are shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 4.
In the experiment in which drug administration was started shortly after infection, 100-125mg/kg of Isoxyl was very effective. Even in the case of advanced tuberculosis, 200-400mg Isoxyl per kg was also effective without accompanying any unfavourable side effect such as body weight decrease etc. These results suggest that Isoxyl, which is insoluble in water, can be administered in the form of oil suspension with better effect in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis.

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Comparison was made on the reactions caused by tuberculin and by Dharmendra's antigen, i. e. Fernandez's reaction, among general population of S-village, primarily in 1956 and secondary in 1957. The number examined was 2, 269 in 1956 and 1, 126 in 1957, respectively. The examinees in 1956 have had no history of previous BCG vaccination, while those of 1957 were consisted of the BCG vaccinated and the unvaccinated, i.e. primarily examined, persons.
Results obtained were as follows:
1) Positive rate of Fernandez's reaction was 9.1% in 1956 and 21.1% in 1957, and that of tuberculin reaction was 44.2% in the former and 55.2% in the latter, respectively. Positive rate of Fernandez's reaction was, accordingly, markedly lower than that of tuberculin reaction, and the correlation between the reaction sizes to both antigens were low in both instances.
2) Positive rate to Dharmendra's antigen among the positive reactors to tuberculin was 18.1% in 1956 and 33.4% in 1957, respectively. All of the tuberculin positive reactors in 1956 were consisted of persons naturally infected by tuberculosis, but those of 1957 were consisted of persons naturally infected by tuberculosis and BCG vaccinated persons in 1956 as mentioned above.
3) Among BCG vaccinated persons, positive rate to Dharmendra's antigen was 11.4% and that to tuberculin was 31.1%, whereas among unvaccinated persons, they were 31.8% and 81.6%, respectively. Accordingly, it seems likely that there exists relationship, to a certain extent, between the positive rates to both antigens among BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated.
4) The frequency distribution curves of positive rate to Dharmendra's antigen by age group in 1956 has shown single peak at the age group 40 to 59 similarly to that of the tuber culin positive rate, which increased linearly up to the age group 40 to 45 and then decreased slowly. The relationship between these two curves obtained in 1957 was similar to that of the primary investigation in 1956, in spite of the fact that 52% of the examinees in 1957 were BCG vaccinated and the positive rates to both antigens were slightly higher than those in 1956.
5) As certain relationship between the reactions to tuberculin and Dharmendra's antigen was suspected, the prevalence of leprosy infection was estimated on the results of the positive Fernandez's reaction among persons with negative tuberculin allergy. The positive rate to Dharmendra's antigen among tuberculin negative persons was 1.6% in the primary investigation (1956) and 3.3% in the secondary (1957), respectively. The latter figure was analysed accordingly to the BCG history, and it was found that among the unvaccinated group the positive rate was 1.4%, while that of vaccinated was 3.7%. The figure in the former coincides well to that of the primary investigation (1.6%). From these results the positive rate of Fernandez's reaction among the unvaccinated inhabitants in S-village can be estimated as high as 1.5%.

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The morphological and physiological studies in the lung were reported with a great emphasis on the relationships between structure and function.

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