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Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Michio TSUKAMURA, Shoji MIZUNO, Haruo TOYAMA1969 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 35-40
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously, Tsukamura and his associates stated that all of multiple human isolates, sporadic human isolates and soil isolates of slowly growing scotochromogens belong to one species, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (M. marianum or M. aquae might be suitable for the species name). On the other hand, Wayne et al. stated that pathogenic scotochromogens (scrofula type) and tap water scotochomogens (aquae type) may be different species. To test these two possibilities, the present study was made on the tap water scotochromogens received from Dr. Lawrence G. Wayne, Veterans Administration Hospital, San Fernando, California, in respect to 97 characters previously discribed as well as other 5 characters.
In comparison of the tap water scotochromogens with “Hypothetical Mean Organisms” (HMOs) of various mycobacterial species or their subgroups, the tap water scotoc hromogens showed the highest S-value to the HMO of the sporadic human isolate-scotochromogens (according to Tsukamura, a subgroup of M. scrofulaceum). However, these showed also high S-values as high as entering the permissible low limit of some species of Group II and Group III (Tables 1 and 2).
These results showed that, although the tap water scotochromogens most resembled the sporadic human isolate-scotochromogens, there remained a possibility that they can belong to other species of the Group II or Group III. It was noteworthy that the S-values for the tap water scotochromogens to the HMO of the sporadic human isolate-subgroup were only 1 per cent higher than those to the HMO of the multiple human isolate-subgroup (Table 1). The absence of clear-cut separation in a numerical comparison between the tap water scotochromogens and the other scotochromogens seem to indicate that these all are regarded as a species.
The tap water scotochromogens showed similar features with other scotoch r omogens in respect to the “distinguishing characters of the Group II and Group III, excluding M. fiavescens” (Table 3).
The tap water scotochromogens showed similar features with other scotochromogens in respect to the “characters useful for differentiation between subgroups of the Group II and Group III” (Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
Masatoshi TAMURA, Satoshi TAKANO1969 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 41-47
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of preservation temperature and period of media used for drug sensitivity test on the minimal inhibitory concentration of D-Ethambutol to the growth of Myco. tuberculosis was investigated.
Media used were 1% Ogawa's egg slant and Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media with 10%. albumin. pH of the former was adjusted to 6.8 by suitable combination of 4% H2SO4 and 10%. Na3CO3, and pH of the basal media of the later was adjusted to 6.8. The concentration of D-Ethambutol added to the media was 0, 1, 2.5 and 10 mcg/ml. The media were dispensed into test tubes each 5 ml. Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media was used after being stored in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours in order to confirm the sterility.
After preparation, the media were stored at 5°C, 20°C, 30°C and 37°C for 1, 2, '3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks before their use.
Strains used were 1187Rv and a strain isolated from sputa of a pulmonary tuberculosis. patient previously untreated with antituberculous drugs. Strains were planted on 1% Ogawa's egg slant before each experiment, and always 3 weeks culture was used for the experiment.10-3 mg of the strains were inoculated on each media stored at different temperature for 0 to 8 weeks.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) On both media, the minimal inhibitory concent r a tion of D-Ethambutol on the growth. of Myco. tuberculosis became slightly higher in accordance with the increase of preservation temperature and the prolongation of the preservation period. This effect was more marked on Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media than on 1% Ogawa's egg slant.
2) If the 3 weeks culture was inoculated on the medium immediately after preparation, the minimal inhibitory concentration of D-Ethambutol to the growth of Myco. tuberculosis was 2.5 mcg/ml on 1% Ogawa's egg slant and 5 mcg/ml in Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media.View full abstractDownload PDF (1088K) -
Harumichi OKA, Yasuyuki KANO, Masatoshi SHIOZAWA, Ichiro AKAKURA, Shig ...1969 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 49-60
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was made to clearify the present status of surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis including the frequency of applied surgical procedures and the result of surgical treatment in Japan in the recent years. The material consisted of 5, 508 cases who had undergone the operation in 1963 and 1964 at 46 institutions belonging to the Tuberculosis Research Committee (Ryoken) and had been observed for the period of at least 9 months postoperatively. In this study, the cases with negative sputum who had already returned to work during the follow-up period were difined as successful cases. The mortality rate was calculated for cases, whose death related to operation and/or tuberculosis worsening. The death was divided into the following 3 groups: 1. the operative death (within 48 hours after operation), 2. the early death (within 2 months after operation), 3. the late death (later than 2 months after operation).
Observing the preoperative background factors of total cases, 42.2% had normal p ulmonary function, 24.1% had restrictive impairment, 12.3% had obstructive impairment and 22.2% had mixed type impairment in the ventilatory function (Tab.2). Bacilli negative cases immidiately before operation were found in 55.7% and positive cases in 43.1%; among the latter, 32.3%were resistant to SM and / or INH (Tab.3).View full abstractDownload PDF (2351K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA1969 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 61-64
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome findings suggesting a presence of a pharmacologic effect of ethambutol (EB) on bronchial secretion were obtained.
1. When EB was adm inistered to patients (especially of female) with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, a slight dyspnea due to an increase in viscosity of bronchial secretion was frequently observed. The dyspnea was always accompanied with an appearance of wheezing which followed a marked reduction of cough and sputa. It appeared in the first or second week of EB administration. The fact suggests that the increase in viscosity of bronchial secretion is due to a primary effect of EB on the host. (Tsukamura, M.: Kekkaku, 43: 409?412, 1968)
2. EB seems to be still effective for patients discharging EB-resistant tubercle bacilli (Table 1). By the administration of EB, an improvement of clinical symptoms such as a marked reduction of cough and sputum was observed in patients discharging EB-resistant tubercle bacilli, though negative conversion of tubercle bacilli in sputum was not observed. As occurred in patients discharging EB-sensitive bacilli, a marked reduction of rales and an appearance of wheezing were observed in patients discharging EB-resistant bacilli by the re-administration of EB. Slight dyspnea probably due to an increase in viscosity of bronchial secretion was also observed in patients who received re-administration of EB. Bronchial mucolytic agents were effective to reduce the dyspnea.
Since tubercle bacill i isolated from these patients were resistant to EB, it is unlikely that these effects of EB are due to bacteriostatic action of EB. It is more likely that the effects are produced by a pharmacologic action of EB, probably by an action of EB on bronchial nerves, if the toxic action of EB on peripheral and central nerves is taken into consideration.
3. From our previous experiences on other anti-tuberculous drugs, it was revealed that the emergence of drug resistance was followed by an increase in amount of cough and sputum and an appearance of rales. In the case of EB, however, an increase of cough and sputum as well as rales was not observed even after the emergence of drug resistance to EB (Table 2). This fact also suggests that the decrease in amount of bronchial secretion is not caused by an inhibition of growth of tubercle bacilli but is due to a direct action of EB on the host.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K)
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