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Volume 50, Issue 7
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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—Effectiveness of Rifampicin on Tubercle Bacilli in Pulmonary Lesions—Kazuhiko KAMEDA, Shyoichi OKAMURA, Satoru YAMAMOTO, Kazuro IWAI1975 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 185-189
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTubercle bacilli in the resected cavities of 36 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were examined by culture on 1% Ogawa's medium and by smear with Ziehl-Neelsen's staining. These caases had been treated with the regimens containing Rifampicin 450 mg daily and had shown negative conversion of tubercle bacilli in sputum for various duration prior to surgery (Group-RFP). The results of Group-RFP were compared with those of 71 cavities which were resected after negative conversion of bacilli in sputum during the treatment with primary drugs alone (Group-A), and of 44 cavities treated with second line drugs except Rifampicin (Group-B).
According to our previous studies the culture positive rate of tubercle bacilli in cavities showed clear correlation to characteristic of cavity wall at the time of operation, duration of negative sputum before operation and whether the cases are original treatment or retreatment. The positive rate of culture from cavities was higher among cases in which the duration of negative sputum was short, and it was also higher in the thick-walled cavities than in thin-walled ones, and in retreatment cases than in original treatment ones.
In the present study, in Group-RFP, pos i t ive culture was seen in 4out of 9 cases with a negative sputum for less than two months, only one out of 13 cases with 3 to 5 months negative sputum and no positive culture was demonstrated among 14 cases showing negative sputum for more than six months, in spite of the fact that most of them were retreatment cases and had thick-walled cavities. The results in Group-RFP showed clear difference when compared with that of control group A or B (Table 4). On the other hand, smear positive rate of the cavities did not show any difference among these three groups (Table 5). Although there remains a problem whether smear positive-culture negative bacilli were really died or not, higher rate of culture negative cavities in Rifampicin treated cases could be evaluated as approaching to the target of chemotherapy, namely, sterilization of cavities and no risk of relapse in future.
It could be emphasized that Rifampicin is a very effective drug even in r etreatment cases having sclerotic thick-walled cavities when the drug was taken regularly, while resistance to RifampicinView full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
—Particularly Considering the Degree of Drug Resistance? (Report 1)—Harukata BABA, Yo AZUMA1975 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 191-197
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation was designed to study the possible difference in the conversion speed and rate between SM administered daily (A) and twice weekly (B) groups treated by the combined regimen of SM, INH 0.3 g and PAS 10.0g. The patients were chosen from those admitted to the National Nakano Chest Hospital during the period from November 1969 to November 1971, and they had cavity and smear positive bacilli in their sputum. They had not been treated or only for less than 15 days previously.
These patients we r e allocated at random to these two groups. Drug sensitivity tests were done by Canetti's proportion method (Table 1). Criteria for sensitivity was under 1% to SM 4 mcg, INH 0.1 mcg and PAS 0.5 mcg: Exclusion and dropout cases were shown in Table 4. Background factors were almost the same between group A and group B (Fig.1).
There were no difference in the conversion speed rate between group A and group Bin all the cases which were treated with the same regimen for more than 6 months. These include the dropout cases after 6 months of treatment (Table 5), and cases treated throughout one year (Table 6 and Fig.2). There was no difference in the results presented in Table 5 and Table 6.
The results in group A and group B were the same in far advanced cases as well as in moderately advanced cases (Table 7, 8), but the speed of conversion was slightly faster in the moderately advanced cases comparing with that of far advanced cases (Fig.3).
Most of the cases converted to negative before 6 months from the b e ginning of the triple therapy. The cases which converted after 6 months and the relapse cases were illustrated in Tables 9 and 10. There were 4 cases of relapse from group A and 2 from group B.
Auditory disorders were studied in particular as side-effects. Up to now, 9 c a ses (7.2%) in group A showed a drop of hearing while only 3 (2.4%) were recognized in group B (Table 11). Concerning auditory disorder, however, we do not like to give definite conclusions until the results of further detailed studies are obtained.
In conclusion, our studies showed no advantage in the conversion speed and rate with the use of daily SM compared with SM twice weekly in the regimen of SM, INH and PAS. Moreover, the results were absolutely the same even in far advanced cases (Table 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (1613K) -
Yoshikuni AZUMA1975 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 199-207
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large scale computer service is not always available in many countries with tuberculosis problem urging for its epidemiological analysis. For the purpose of facilitating such works in those countries, a simple epidemiological simulation model was made to calculate annual trends of prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis and its infection, tuberculosis mortality and BCG coverage in the population with parameter values average in the population, but not specific for age groups or birth year cohorts.
Starting with the initial conditions estimated with results of the National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey, 1953, and the two-year Follow-up Survey, 1953/1955, 50-year trend was calculated to approximate the trend observed by the five national surveys made during 1953-4973. It was estimated that the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmable tuberculosis would be remaining over 0.1% during 5 years from the last survey in 1973, the tuberculosis mortality over 7 per 100, 000and the risk of infection about 0.2%, should no drastic changes occur in the progress of the National Tuberculosis Programme and the living conditions. Comparing the thus estimated trend with “natural course”, estimated by the simulation with no tuberculosis programmes, the tuberculosis problem reduction rate by the National Tuberculosis Programme, giving a total of 2.397million treatment-years and that of 52.114 million primary BCG vaccinations during 25 years from 1953, was estimated 46.5%, 55.6% and 13.0% respectively by patient-years, tuberculosis deaths and tuberculosis incidence. The number of BCG vaccinations equivalent to one treatment-year in the problem reduction was approximately estimated 352, 457 and 34 respectively by patientyears, tuberculousis deaths and tuberculosis incidence for the 25-year period. Further, the simulation calculation gave a warning information that the prevalence of tuberculosis would go back to its value of 15 years ago in 10 years, should all the tuberculosis programme activities be stopped.
The possibility of applying the model to other countries with shortage of informations was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2313K) -
Misao TAKEDA1975 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 209-214
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCases of primary tuberculosis registered at Itabashi-Nishi Health Centre were investigated in relation to the source of infection, mode of detection, treatment regimens and the hospitalization status. The results were summarized as follows:View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
[in Japanese]1975 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 215-219
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1075K)
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