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Volume 51, Issue 7
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Part 2. Physical Characteristics of Abnormal BCG ScarsH.T. LIN, C.M. CHANG, H.C. CHU, L.A. WOODBURY1976 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 263-269
Published: July 15, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiological survey was made of abnormal BCG scars among pupils at the third and fifth grade of primary schools and the eighth and eleventh grade of high schools in the northern part of Taiwan. The overall ratio of pupils with abnormal BCG scars was 28.0%; 4.7% with keloids, 22.2% with hypertrophic scars and 1.1% with atrophic scars. The frequency of keloids increased with age from 1.6% at the third grade to 6.7% at the eleventh grade and it was more frequent among females than males, 8.0% as compared with 5.2%, at the eleventh grade. Each type of abnormal BCG scars is more likely to appear in combination of the same type than would be expected if multiple vaccinations are given. Therefore, it is recommended that revaccination be avoided in case the first BCG scar is found to be abnormal. “Projections like crab claws”, “the mass being larger than the original scars” and “teleangiectasis and tense red margin” are the main characteristics of keloids, which are missing in hypertrophic scars, and considered to be useful diagnostic criteria. Although the frequency of abnormal BCG scars as found in this study is not alarming enough to endanger the implementation of BCG programme in Taiwan at present, attention should be given to the potential danger of this problem and efforts should be made to reduce the frequency of abnormal BCG scars by finding possible means to prevent their formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Report of the 17th Series of Controlled Trial of ChemotherapyCooperative Study Unit on Chemotherapy of1976 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 271-278
Published: July 15, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously untreated 312 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were allocated at random to the following three regimens:
I: SM 1.0g three times weekly+PAS 10g daily+Isoniazid 0.3g daily
II: SM 0.5g three times weekly+PAS 10g daily+Isoniazid 0.3g daily
III: CPM (Capreomycin) 1.0g three times weekly+PAS 10g daily+Isoniazid 0.3g daily
103 cases were excluded due to various reasons shown in Table 1, and the remaining 209 cases were evaluated bacteriologically and roentgenographically, while 292 cases were used in the discussion of adverse reactions.
The background factors were presented in Table 5, and the proportion of multiple or multilocular cavity was higher and the amount of bacilli discharge was larger in the Group II than in the other two groups, but the difference was not statiscally significant.
The rate of sputum negative conversion in all cases at 6th month was about 95% each in the three groups, while in far advance cases, the rate was 95%, 93%, and 87% respectively. The rate of the appearance of drug resistant bacilli during the course of therapy was 15.2% in Group I, 5.6% in Group II and 10.7% in Group III, and the resistance to SM was lower in Group II than in Group I as demonstrated in Table 4.
No difference was found in the rate of improvement of X ray findings among the three groups.
Frequency of adverse reactions was 21.0% in Group I, 22.3% in Group II and 15.7% in Group III, and the rate of drop out due to adverse reactions was 8.0%, 5.8%, 6.7%, respectively, as shown in Table 6. The incidence of hearing impairment was highest in Group I, next Group II and lowest in Group III.
In conclusion, there is no significant difference in clinical efficacy between 1.0g SM regimen and 0.5g SM regimen as far as Japanese patients with average body weight of about 50kg were concerned and CPM seems to be almost of the same efficacy as of SM. As for hearing impairment, it was the order is highest in 1.0g SM, next 0.5g SM and lowest in CPM.View full abstractDownload PDF (893K) -
Some Observations on the Relationship between M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceuMichio TSUKAMURA, Hajime SAITO, Koji YAMAOKA1976 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 279-285
Published: July 15, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA taxonomic study was carried out on ten 'Marks' strains which had been named as 'Provisional species 1' by Bim et al. (J. Hyg., 65: 575, 1967) and later were identified as M. intracellulare (Marks' personal communication). Numerical classification was carried out using 88 characters (Tsukamura, M.: Int. J. Syst. Bact., 25: 329, 1975), of which 28 characters were effective for differentiation of test strains, 'Marks' strains, M. intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum and M. gordonae. Serotyping was made according to the method of Saito and Kubica (Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis., 98: 47, 1968).
1. 'Marks' strains.
The 'Marks' strains formed a cluster together with some strains of M. intracellulare and were considered as members of M. intracellulare (Figs. 1 and 2). Among this cluster, the 'Marks' strains formed a subcluster and could be differentiated from other M. intracellulare strains showing the following characteristics: (1) The 'Marks' strains grow at 45°C; (2) form wet, smooth, slightly yellow-pigmented, nonphotochromogenic colonies; (3) show a positive three day-arylsulfatase activity; (4) are sensitive to ethambutol (5μg/ml) or, if any, partially resistant, while other M. intracellulare strains are resistant to this agent; (5) show a negative acid phosphatase activity; (6) do not belong to any known serotype of M. aviuin, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum.
2. Relationship between M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum.
M. intracellulare strains were shown to be relatively heterogeneous. Of 19 strains tested, 12 formed a cluster together with 'Marks' strains, 5 formed a cluster together with M. scrofulaceum strains, and 2 occupied an intermediate position between the above two clusters. It was noticed that some strains of M. intracellulare was closely related to M. scrofulaceum. Taxonomic position of M. intracellulare should be a subject of further studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
Seitetsu HOKAMA1976 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 287-291
Published: July 15, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro sensitivity of sulfisomesole (SMX), sulfisoxasole (SI) and sulfisomesole +trimethoprin compound (SMX+ TMP) against 15 strains of atypical mycobacteria was studied.
By using 1% Ogawa's egg-medium, concentration of each drug was set up at 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mcg/m/.
Among the tested atypical mycobacteria, M. smegmatis, M. ulcerans and M. scroflaceum showed no growth at 12.5 mcg/ml or less concentration of either of these drugs.
M. marinum, M. kansasii and M. avium showed no growth between the drug concentration level of 25 mcg/ml and 50 mcg/ml. On the other hand, these sulfonamides showed no sensitivity against M phki and M. fortuitum.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Review on the Histogenesis of Tuberculous and Non-tuberculous OnesKazuro IWAI1976 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 293-301
Published: July 15, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpithelioid cell granulomas are consisted of epithelioid cells in the center with surrounding lymphocytic rim, and several data which have been accumulated suggest that the epithelioid cells arised from macrophages rather than those from lymphocytes. Macrophages may divide in the tissue, while the precursor cells in the bone marrow may mature and become monocytes, and they are transported by blood stream to the connective tissue of the whole body, then transformed into macrophages under further maturation and cell division. Most of macrophages in the inflammatory changes seem to originate from precursor cells in the bone marrow.
Macrophages are the main actors of many granulomas, whereas lymphocytes may have some role to initiate and to control the granuloma formation, and both cells have close interrelation during these phenomena. In the case of tuberculous granulomas, it has been clearly shown that both the antigen-antibody reaction and coexistence of Wax D are the necessary factors for the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas, although the questions whether adjuvant activity or hardly digestable high-molecular substance is important for Wax D and how the cellular and humoral immunity correlate to the granuloma formation remains to be dissolved. In tuberculin reaction only a few sensitized lymphocytes were found in the reaction site, and more over, epithelioid cell granulomas could be formed in the T-cell deficient animals.
From the review of the literature in this field, epithelioid cell granulomas may be tentatively classified as follows:
I. With immunological events
(a) and coexistence of Wax D or other similar glucolipid
(b) under particulated antigen which persisted for a long time in tissue
(c) other unknown conditions
II. Without obvious immunological event.View full abstractDownload PDF (1567K)
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