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Volume 52, Issue 11
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Yasuko HARADA1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 541-547
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the previous report, the immunopotentiating action of BCG was investigated, and results obtained were as follows:
1) Combined use of BCG and cyclophosphamide (CY) which exerts a differential effect on T and B cells augmented and protracted the delayed hypersensitivity, that is to say, the T cell potentiating effect of BCG and CY were additive.
2) The same additive effect was also found in the splenectomized mice without making the treatment of CY. In consequence, it could be concluded that the delayed hypersensitivity was influenced strongly by the feedback inhibition of antibody production system.
3) BCG also exerted its potentiating effect for induction of the delayed hypersensitivity upon the immune response to egg albumin.
4) Delayed hypersensitivity was measured as foot pad reaction. This reaction was shown to be transferred into normal recipient by draining lymph node cells and spleen cells of SRBC sensitized donor.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
I. Roentgenological and Histopathological ObservationsToshio NAKAMURA1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 549-561
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn view of the fact that the incidence of acute miliary tuberculosis has been noticeably increasing in recent years, the effect of corticosteroid hormones (CS) on experimental miliary tuberculosis of rabbits was studied with the object of elucidating inducing and aggravating factors for the disease. The present paper is concerned with histopathological and roentgenological investigations made on CS-treated and non-treated (control) rabbits infected with tubercle bacilli in order to ascertain the aggravating effect of CS on experimental miliary tuberculosis and to clarify partly the mechanism involved. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The ultrasoft X-ray image of the lungs of rabbits infected with tubercle bacilli without CS administration showed typical miliary nodular shadows distributed sparsely but evenly along the blood vessel shadows from the hilar area to the periphery. In contrast, in the CS-treated rabbits the nodular shadows were large in number and densely distributed over the whole lung field and coalesced partly with each other to form larger shadows.
2. Pathomorphologically, the miliary nodules in the lungs of control rabbits tended to dis appear with the lapse of time. In contrast, the lesions in the lungs of rabbits treated with CS were characterized by delayed absorption accompanied by exudative process. The lesions were extensive and after seven weeks underwent caseous necrosis and innumerable tubercle bacilli were contained in the lesion.
3. The lesions in the liver of CS-treated rabbits showed similar finding to that in the lung. The lesions in the kidney showed no definite pattern, and those in the spleen showed as a whole a marked tendency to heal spontaneously, and the effect of CS was less.
4. From these results, it was suggested roentgenologically and histopathologically that the CS treatment definitely interferes with the healing process of acute miliary tuberculosis. These facts might have verified to a certain extent the relation between administration of CS and the induction and development of miliary tuberculosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (8934K) -
EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTETHINETeruo AOYAGI, Yoshihiro YAMADA, Kuniko KANEKO, Yoshiharu AIZAWA, Akimi ...1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 563-568
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Pantethin for the prevention of side-effects by antituberculous drugs.
Pulmonary tuberculous patients who have never been treated and newly admitted to the eleven institutions, were randomely divided into two groups, consisting of P-group (given daily Pantethine 3g orally) and K-group (control). Several examinations including the description on round formed questionnaire, liver function tests and audiometry, etc., were monthly carried out till two months from the beginning of the treatment.
The results were as followed;
1) The number of cases in which the values of GOT or GPT became abnormal or worsend (twice as high as the initial value and 35u and over) by antituberculous drugs in P-group (3.4%) were significantly (p<0.005) lower than those in K-group (17.0%). The rate of persons showing abnormal or worsened GOT or GPT by antituberculous drugs was studied by sex, age and treatment regimen, and it was higher in male, and those aged under 39, and cases treated with SM, INH, RFP showed clearly lower rate than that with SM, INH, PAS.
2) The incidence rate of tinnitus in P-group was undoubtedly lower than that in K-group, however no significant difference was found between the both groups regarding the incidence of auditory disturbance, vertigo and numbness of perioral region after the administration of strepto mycin.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Makoto SENO1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 569-575
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the past ten-year period from 1966 to 1975, 34 cases of pulmonary atypical mycobac teriosis were found at Nagahama Hospital. All of the cases were classified into three groups, Group I, II and III according to the Runyon's Classification, and were further tabulated by the following categories:
1. The yearly changes in the number of total cases and in each group (Table 1).
2. Age and sex distribution (Table 2).
3. Mode of detection (Table 3).
4. Occupation and exposure to dust (Table 4, 5).
5. Medical history related to the lung diseases (Table 6).
6. X-ray findings of the chest (Table 7).
7. The relation between course of bacilli in sputum and X-ray findings (Table 8).
8. Identification of mycobacteria (Table 9). Thirty-two strains isolated from 34 patients were cultured successively and they were identified. All the strains in Group I identified as M. kansasii, those in Group II as M. scrofulaceum and those in Group III as M. intracellulare.
To sum up, it is concluded as follows:
a) Incidence of pulmonaly atypical mycobacteriosis has been increasing in the author's hospital. In 1975, three patients were found to be infected with M. kansasii which has been considered as less in common in Japan.
b) It has been reported that infection due to M. scrofulaeum is found very frequently among patients who were exposed to dusty environment. In this study it was noted that most of the patients who were infected with M. kansasii and M. intracellulare had worked and/or lived in dusty places.
c) Most of the cases of pulmonary infection due to M. intracellulare and M. scrofitlaceum showed cavities on chest radiogramme, the majority of which were found in apex. No patients showed cavities developed by the destruction of caseous masses, which are seen commonly in case of pulmonary tuberculosis.
d) Most of the patients with infection due to 1V1. intracellulare showed aggravation even receiving chemotherapy with persistent bacilli discharge. As the majority of patients were aged, surgical treatments were usually not feasible to them. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop effective drugs against M. intracellulare.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Hisao SHIMOIDE1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 577-585
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the period from 1960 through Octover 1976, Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from 72 patients in Japan.
1) Sixty-seven patients were found to have parenchymal pulmonary disease due to this organism. Besides these cases, there were one patient with pleurisy and another with lupus dis seminatus miliaris faciae.
2) In only 3 cases, the organism was isolated as saprophyte and showed no relation to active pulmonary disease (colonization). The patients with colonization were very rare in Japan up to the present.
3) Fifty-eight patients (80.6%) were living in Tokyo and its vicinity, and only a few patients were found in other districts. Therefore, it is suggested that the incidence of the infec tion with M. kansasii is different geographycally in Japan.
4) The majority (94.1%) of the disease occurred in men. The majority of the patients infected with M. intracellulare were in middle age and over and had some underlying lung diseases, while many patients infected with M. kansasii were found among younger personswithout any previous lung disease.
5) On the chest radiogram of 64 pulmonary cases, cavitation was found in 55 cases (85.9%). The cavity was thin-walled and not rarely multiple, and was found more frequently in the mid lung than in the subpleural region.
The lesions were found more frequently (3.4 times) in the right lung than in the left lung
6) The sensitivity to rifampicin (RFP) (91.7% of the tested strain), ethionamide (TH) (90.2%), and cycloserine (CS) (94%) was a characteristic feature of the drug susceptibility of M. kansasii. Many strains were susceptible to viomycin (VM) (70.2%), capreomycin (CPM) (69.0%) and ethambutol (EB) (57.1%) and showed low grade resistance to isoniazid (INH) and EB.
7) SM, PAS and INH was used most frequently. RFP, TH and CS was used in 48.4%, 35.9% and 32.8% of the patients respectively. Bacteriological conversion occurred in 54 patients (84.4%) by chemotherapy alone, and comparing by the regimen, the negative conversion occurred in 5 patients (55.6%) by the combination of SM, INH and PAS, in 11 patients (78.6%) by the chemotherapy including secondery drugs (EB, CS, VM, etc.) except RFP and TH, in 11 patients (91.7%) treated with the regimen containig TH, in 18 patients (94.7%) treated with the regimen containing RFP, and in 9 patients (100%) treated with the regimen containing both TH and RFP. By the chemotherapy excluding RFP and TH, less satisfactory results were obtained especially in the far advanced cases.
8) Four patients received combined medical-surgical treatment (1 segmentectomy, 3 lobec tomy), and no complication was found.
9) During the study period, 4 of 68 patients died, with 2 deaths attributed to M. kansasii infection, and the remaining 2 not attributed to M. kansasii infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1058K) -
Kazuo YOSHIMOTO, Kazuya MISAKI, Kazu TSUNEISHI, Soudae KIM1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 587-589
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a report on a case of the treatment of a pneumoconio tuberculous patient (64 years old, male) with Enviomycin (EVM). This patient had hypersensitivity to many drugs, but after success of desensitization to EVM, he has shown good progress.
The patient had been treated with SM after the successful desensitization to SM, but he produced resistance to SM and the decision was made to change the drug. At first, hypersen sitivity to EVM was confirmed by skin test and the result was positive and then the desensitiza tion to EVM was carried out. The procedure was started with one hundredths (10mg) of the usual dose and every 3-4days the dose was increased by 1/2-2 times of the previous dose.
Although such increase of dose was continued until reaching 500mg on the 38th day, no hypersensitivity was observed. After this procedure, 1g a day EVM was administered daily intramuscularly and at present the chemotherapy with the dose of 2g a day twice a week is being continue
As a result, the sputum converted to negative both on smear and culture and the patient has shown good progress.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Hajime SAITO1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 591-593
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA review was made of the following points out of consideration that it would be of great clinical and bacteriological significance to arrange and classify genus Mycobacterium, establish an identification scheme and elucidate its relationship with diseases in man.
Arrangement and classification of recognized species by numerical analysis enabled the place ment of many species. It made possible the establishment of a classification system which covered most of the genus Mycobacterium. The development of such a system had been rather delayed as compared to those for other bacteria. It is needless to say that the final decision on the classification of recognized bacteria should be made on the basis of an international agreement.
Of the various properties available for identification, 26 were selected, and by using an appropriate combination, it was possible to identify almost all mycobacteria. Diagnosis was made of diseases in 12 patients caused by mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli, in other words“ atypical mycobacteria” such as Mycobacterium kansasii, M. scrofulaceum and M. gordonae, M. intracellulare, M. chelonei and M fortuitum. Further, a study to determine the origin of “ atypical mycobacteria” revealed that M. fortuitum is heavily distributed in our natural environ ment, and that part of the source of M. intracellulare may also be found in nature.
As a member of the Mycobacteria Classification Committee of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis, I participated in the drafting of the identification scheme for mycobacteria in clinical material, and also the subsequent revision.
A study was made of the significance of the pathogenicity of these bacteria on experimental animals as a means of identifying mycobacteria. Disease states induced by intravenous injections of 107 viable units of mycobacteria into mice were helpful in identifying M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. chelonei subsp. abscessus and M fortuitum while intravenous injections (10mg) intorabbits were useful in analyzing M. avium-M. intracellulare complex.
Through serological studies on mycobacteria, my associates and I were successful for the first time in developing fluorescent antibody techniques for mycobacteria and found that this method could be used for differential identification and that agglutination reaction was an effective means for differentiation of M. avium and M. intracellulare.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Nobuo MAEKAWA1977 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 595-601
Published: November 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, several aspects in the problem of recent status of tuberculosis chemotherapy are discussed in some detail.
There seems to be some difference in the ranking of antituberculous drugs between the IUAT Committee and our group in Japan, especially in the evaluation of pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol. As it might be partly caused by relatively low estimation about the intracellular activity of PZA, further investigations both in laboratory and in clinic are requested.
Intensification of the chemotherapeutic regimen of tuberculosis is realized by the combi nation of bactericidal drugs with careful consideration for the adverse reactions. The outstanding bactericidal activity of rifampicin in vitro was shown by using the silicone-coated slide culture method in the author's laboratory.
As the clinical effect of short-course regimens in tuberculosis chemotherapy is still under investigation, the importance of the observation about the adverse reactions during the treat ment, follow-up of cases dropped out from intensive regimens and 5-years' cumulative relapse rate after the cessation of treatment was strongly pointed out from the author's clinical experiences.
As for the new antituberculous drug developed recently in Japan, enviomycin (EVM), a basic peptide antibiotic, the cross-resistance with KM, CPM and VM should be evaluated precisely.
In vitro results of our experiment and clinical trend about the development of acquired resistance to EVM in our group-study were presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K)
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