巻号一覧
53 巻, 8 号
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山本 和男1978 年 53 巻 8 号 p. 401-406
発行日: 1978/08/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (830K) -
青木 正和, 松崎 正子1978 年 53 巻 8 号 p. 407-413
発行日: 1978/08/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIt is true that the risk of infection is very important index to know the tuberculosis situation in a given community, but it is very difficult to know it in a community having a population of rather small size. There are 859 health centres in all over Japan, and tuberculosis patients are registered to these local health centres. The health centre has the direct responsibility for administration of tuberculosis problems in a given community. As the average population size covered by one health centre is about 100.000, it is important and practical problem in Japan to reveal the ways to make clear how big tuberculosis problem is in the area of such population size.
As a routine work, annual reports including the number of new cases during one year and that of all the registered cases at the end of the year are submitted from health centres to the local and central government. The way of analysis to make clear the tuberculosis problems of the area by evaluation chart (Fig. 1) was introduced and discussed. The evaluation charts are out-puted by mini-computer in the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, J. A. T. A. within a short period, and the feed-back to the local health centres had now started in some prefectures from 1977. As this evaluation chart shows specific problems to be improved of a given health centre, it is considered that this method is one of the useful ways of tuberculosis surveillance at the health centre and/or prefecture level.
Many epidemiological indices showing tuberculosis problem could be calculated from the annual report. As many of them correlated so well with each other (Table 1) that one could estimate tuberculosis situation roughly by the incidence, as a representative one of many indices in Table 1. The way to print out the names of health centres having abnormal incidence and/or other indices to give advises to them has been established already by the Institute, too.
As the variation of diagnostic standard might be rather wide by areas, the importance of smear positive incidence was stressed.
In the field, one might doubt tuberculosis epidemic if the incidence increased than that of the previous year. Comparison of the incidence of 1975 and 1976 revealed that the incidence has decreased 9.4% as an average, but in about one fourth health centres, the incidence had increased than that of the previous year. Informations of incidence of infants, that of more small areas, results of contact surveys and/or the results of tuberculin survey might be much more important than that of the total incidence to detect tuberculosis epidemics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (945K) -
水野 松司, 外山 春雄, 東村 道雄1978 年 53 巻 8 号 p. 415-417
発行日: 1978/08/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIn 1958, Kozuki et al. (abstract, Kekkaku, 34: 605, 1959) reported a case of a 23 year-old female, who excreted frequently Group II scotochromogens in her sputum and showed a cavitary lesion in lungs, at the Kinki Regional Meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis. This strain was sent to our laboratory. In 1966, the strain was shown to differ significantly from other Group II mycobacteria that caused lung disease in patients and was deposited in the National Collection of Type Cultures, London (NCTC 10428) as M. tomidae (Tsukamura, M.: J. Gen. Microbiol., 45: 253, 1966). However, the name of M. tomidae was not published validly, as a possible new species contained only one strain. Recently, the present authors received the strain from Dr. P. A. Jenkins as unkown of the species, and identified it as M. szulgai. The same strain (13012) that was lyophilized for 12 years was tested again and this also was shown to be M. szulgai (Table 1). The case, ‘Tomida’, is probably the first case of lung disease due to M. szulgai in this country. The name M. tomidae was not validly published and, therefore, the name M. szulgai has the priority for the species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (276K) -
津田 富康, 鬼塚 徹, 安藤 正幸, 志摩 清, 徳臣 晴比古1978 年 53 巻 8 号 p. 419-424
発行日: 1978/08/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーChronorogical changes in the activities of various enzymes of the mononuclear phagocytes (MN) in tuberculous lesions were studied histochemically to estimate the functions of MN at the stages of development and healing of the lesions in vivo. Dermal BCG lesions were produced in rabbit by the intradermal injection of BCG and the lesions were biopsied at various times after infection. The enzymes assayed were P-galactosidase, acid proteinase (cathepsin D like), hyaluronidase, Naphthol AS-D acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, succinic dehydroge nase and cytochrome oxidase. The MN stained * to +H+ by each enzyme were designated as positive cells.
The activities of β-galactosidase, acid proteinase, hyaluronidase and esterase in MN varied by the stages of the lesions, i. e., the activities of the former three which were mostly found in the MN localized near to necrotic areas increased at the stage of development two to four week after infection and there after gradually diminished. The latter one, i.e., the activities of Naphthol AS-D acetate esterase were increased prominently in the MN of the healing lesions five to six weeks after infection.
The cells with increased activities of the esterase gathered in multiple masses which are not concerned with necrotic areas or in all the areas of the granulation. The activities of acid phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase or cytochrome oxidase were found evenly in the MN of any stage and were neither correlated with development nor healing of the lesions.
Based on the studies of BCG lesions in rabbits at the stages of development and healing, human tuberculous lesions including a 7 days BCG lesion induced in a normal individual, a tuberculin reaction tested for patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and lymphnodes biopsied from patients with tuberculous lymphoadenitis were also studied by using the same histochemical methods. Only the cells with the activities of Naphthol AS-D acetate esterase showed similar behavior to the MN in experimental BCG lesions.
In this paper, the significance of the Naphthol AS-D acetate esterase increase in MN at the stages of healing are discussed from the viewpoints of the healing mechanisms of tuberculous lesions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1294K) -
間 栄, 広瀬 康二, 斎藤 憲治, 榎原 英夫, 小松 英昭, 古沢 新平, 宍戸 英雄1978 年 53 巻 8 号 p. 425-433
発行日: 1978/08/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーRecently we experienced four cases of miliary tuberculosis of which three were old aged. Though various hematological abnormalities were seen in all cases, anemia, shift to the left of neutrophil leucocytes, and absolute lymphocytopenia were common findings in peripheral blood.
Moreover, two of them were complicated with pancytopenia which were suspected to be preceded by primary aplastic anemia from past histories.
Pancytopenia, however, might possibly develop secondarily to miliary tuberculosis. Among several theories on mechanisms of secondary pancytopenia, allergic theory was speculated as to our two cases.
The relationship between pancytopenia and so-called “non-reactive type” of miliary tubercles or so-called “cryptic type” in clinical manifestations remaind to be clarified. At least, in our two cases complicated with pancytopenia, typical reactive tubercles were seen with few exceptions, and they were clinically not cryptic.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2172K)
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