Kekkaku(Tuberculosis)
Online ISSN : 1884-2410
Print ISSN : 0022-9776
ISSN-L : 0022-9776
Volume 54, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • 2. Consideration on the Survival of Tubercle Bacillus in Caseous Lesion
    Shozo TAKAHASHI
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 231-235
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Tubercle bacilli in caseous lesion seem to be non-acid-fast, Gram-negative granules which may revert into acid-fast rods, spread and produce new lesions when the caseous lesion begins to liquefy and form tuberculous cavity. The granular form is estimated morphologically to be L-form of tubercle bacilli. The survival mode of the bacilli in caseous lesion will be discussed.
    1) Tuberculin sensitivity of the host having caseous lesion lasts positive nearly throughout whole life. On the other hand, tuberculin sensitivity terminates after certain period of time when the host is immunized with a homogenate of tubercle bacilli or living BCG, unless the infection with tubercle bacilli occurs thereafter. Above described facts indicate that the existence of metabolizing tubercle bacilli in caseous lesion is a necessary condition to maintain the tuberculin sensitivity by continuous stimulation with tuberculous antigens or their metabolites.
    2) Massive acid-fast rods appear just beneath the surface of caseous mass when it begins to liquefy as the initial stage of cavity formation during the course of pulmonary tuberculosis. This indicates the reappearance of acid-fast rods from tubercle bacilli of non-acid -fast, nonrod form, which were multiplied actively and were distributed rather evenly in caseous mass.
    3) Though most of anti-tuberculous drugs show antibacterial activity when they were applied to multiplying tubercle bacilli, they seem to be inactive against non-multiplying phase except rifampicin. Short course chemotherapy has become possible when rifampicin was applied in combination with isoniazid which has strong activity against the multiplying classical form of tubercle bacilli.
    Above described evidences suggest that the tubercle bacilli in caseous mass are multiplying cell-wall-deficient-form, namely the L-form of tubercle bacilli. It is mandatory to study the survival status of tubercle bacilli in caseous lesion, probably of L-form, for further studies on the chemotherapy for tuberculosis.
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  • Kazuhiko KAMEDA, Nobu KUCHII, Fujiko HORII, Jyunko OTSUKA, Sumiko SATO ...
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 237-242
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous reports, 2, 392 household members of 815 newly registered tuberculosis patients at the 12 health centers in Osaka prefecture during the period from January to June, 1976, were studied, and 1, 303 persons (54. 5%) were available for the family contacts examination performed within 3 months after registration (here-in-after called 1st year), and 26 active cases (2% to the total number examined) were discovered.
    The survey was repeated in the second year in the same manner as done in the 1st yearto know to what extent the family contacts examination was performed and how many patients were discovered during the period from October, 1976, to December, 1977, (here-in-after called 2nd year) for 1, 980 family contacts of 704 patients, excluding 111 patients discharged from registration by the end of 1977 (Table 1). The examination was performed for 24.3% during the 2nd year (Table 2), and 17 active cases were discovered (0.86% to the total household members). Among them, 10 cases (2.1% to the total examined) were discovered by family contacts examination and the remaining 7 cases by symptomatic visit to general practitioners (Table 3, 4).
    The detection rate of new patients was higher among contacts of bacilli positive cases than among contacts of non-bacillary cases (Table 5).
    These new patients were found not only among persons who were not examined at 1st year but also among persons who were examined without any particular findings Observing by the age group of new cases, 2 cases were in infants, 2 in school children, 2 in high school students and 10 in adults (Table 6, 7).
    From the above mentioned results, it can be said that the incidence of new cases among family contacts was high even during the 2nd year after registration of new cases.
    The examination of family contacts should therefore be continued at least to the 2nd yeaer as one of procedures for tuberculosis case-findings.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 243-247
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Jiro GOMI, Masatoshi SHIOZAWA
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 249-256
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Annual trend in the number of surgically treated cases, preoperative background facters, surgical procedures applied and the results of treatment were studied in 1, 550 cases of tuberculous thoracic empyema, who were treated surgically during 8 years period from 1968 to 1975 at 50 institutions belonging to the Tuberculosis Research Committee, RYOKEN.
    The number of surgically treated cases per year was around 200, and no remarkable difference was found in the number by year during the observation period.
    Preoperative background factors of subject cases were as follows: 8.5% were acute empyema and 91.5% chronic empyema, 55.6% were primary empyema and 44.4% secondary empyema, 71.0% were fistulous empyema and 29.0% non-fistulous empyema, 44.7% were total empyema and 55.3% partial empyema, 50.2% were cases with FEV1.0/VCpred. less than 40 and 49.8% more than 41, 41.4% were cases with microorganism in empyema space and 34.5% without microorganism in empyema space and 24.1% were cases with unknown bacteriological findings.
    Surgical procedures employed were as follows: 26.5% were pleurectomy, 15.7% decortication, 43.4% space reducing method, 10.2% drainage method and 4.2% other procedures. The proportion of percentages surgical procedures was different considerably by preoperative back ground factors.
    The over all results of surgical treatment were as follows: the successful rate was 80.7%, the unsuccessful rate 13.6% and the death rate 5.7%. These results were also affected remarkably by preoperative background factors.
    The results of surgical treatment under the combination of preoperative background factors and surgical procedures employed were as follows: the successful rate in cases with good preoperative background factor was higher, and also the unsuccessful rate and the death rate in such cases were lower than those in case with poor preoperative background factor, in all kinds of surgical procedures employed. Preoperative lung function and bacteriological fin-liag3 in empyema space influenced remarkably the results of surgical treatment.
    Comparing the results of surgical treatment obtained in the previous study carried out around 10 years ago from 1958 to 1967 and the results obtained in the present study, no difference waslfound in the successful rate of both studies. The unsuccessful rate in the present study was higher and the death rate was lower than those in the previous study.
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  • Kazuchikao KIDO, Hideo NONAKA, Hiromi MATSUYAMA
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 257-260
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A routine chest X-ray examination of employees (11 men and 1 woman) of a certain company in Fukuoka City was done in March, 1976. In this examination, new cases of tuber culosis were detected in extraordinary high rate. The cause of this epidemic was investigated, and it was found that 11 persons had been in contact with a bacillary case (Gaffky 6), and four of them developed the disease in March, 1976, and another one in September, 1976.
    All of these 5 cases were vaccinated with BCG previously, and they recovered smoothly by chemotherapy. Thereafter, no new cases were found until June, 1978.
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  • Hiromichi TASAKA, Masafumi KATO, Katsuhiro KIYOTANI, Yoshiyasu MATSUO
    1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 261-264
    Published: April 15, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mixed paracrystal tuberculoprotein-glycoprotein (MCTP-GP) isolated from unheated culture filtrate of the strain H37Rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shown to noncompetitively inhibit the in vitro activity of lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase, N-acethyl-β-glucosaminidase, N-acethyl-β-galactosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase and α-gluco sidase. The inhibitory activity was the highest against acid phosphatase, the lowest against α -glucosidase and moderate against the other four enzymes. The inhibition was optimal at pH 5.0 to 5.5.
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  • 1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages e1
    Published: 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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