Kekkaku(Tuberculosis)
Online ISSN : 1884-2410
Print ISSN : 0022-9776
ISSN-L : 0022-9776
Volume 55, Issue 10
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • Mihiro OKABE, Harue OKUYAMA, Kazuo MORIKAWA
    1980 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 435-442
    Published: October 15, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Various studies have been carried out on factors affecting the epithelioid cell granuloma formation. From the viewpoint of histogenesis of the epithelioid cell granuloma in tuberculosis, the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction has been found to play an important role. Recently, muramyldipeptide fraction, a minimal adjuvant-active subunit of bacterial cell walls, was found to produce the epithelioid cell granuloma.
    We investigated the capacity of synthetic muramyldipeptide and its derivatives in the epithelioid granuloma formation and also in the adjuvant activities. A close correlation was pointed out between the granuloma formation and the adjuvant activities. Further, when lymphokines were injected together with muramyldipeptide, well-differentiated epithelioid granuloma developed in guinea pigs. Thus, the epithelioid granuloma formation in tuberculosis might be thought to be affected by the summation of non-specific and the specific hypersensitive responses.
    In this review, we referred the regulatory mechanism of the epithelioid granuloma formation as well as the morphological and functional characteristics of the granuloma. With regard to the suppres sor cell which might play a role in regulation of the epithelioid granuloma formation, an inhibition to the granuloma formation was found by injecting a specific antigen mixed with muramyldipeptide in guinea pigs in which the specific tolerance had been induced by cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor cells.
    Though many studies support that the epithelioid cells develop in the granuloma following differ entiation from the activated macrophages, the mechanism of the differentiation still remains enigmatic. Thus, muramyldipeptide is expected to offer the possibility of clarifying the mechanism.
    Download PDF (1206K)
  • II. The Characterization of Suppressor Adherent Cells
    Kazuyuki KATO
    1980 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 443-446
    Published: October 15, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous report, the present author showed that the suppression by live BCG-pretreatment on delayed-type hypersensitivity is possibly mediated with adherent macrophage-like cells, by the use of the macrophage migration inhibition test.
    The present study was undertaken to characterize the adherent cells involved in this suppression.
    The result were as follows:
    1) The adherent cells from mice injected with live BCG at least 12 days before cell harvest showed the suppressive effect.
    2) The suppressive effect of the adherent cells acted beyond the major histocompatibility (H-2) barrier; it was shown both in C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice.
    3) The suppressive adherent cells were sensitive to methotrexate but not to cyclophosphamide.
    Download PDF (495K)
  • Masanobu FUJIOKA, Norihiro UMEMURA, Masahiko YAMAMOTO, Kiyoya IZUMI, Y ...
    1980 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 447-454
    Published: October 15, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, we analysed 2, 080 tuberculosis patients hospitalized in 18 sanatoria and chest hospitals in Aichi prefecture on September 30, 1977.
    The results were summarized as follows:
    1) The duration of admission of patients was long, for instance, the number of patients staying for more than 1 year were 886 (42.6%), more than 3 years were 456 (21.9%), and more than 5 years were 309 (14.9%).
    2) Concerning bacilli discharge in sputum, 1, 398 patients (67.2%) excreted tubercle bacilli during their stay, and 480 patients (23.1%) within 3 months before the survey.
    3) Among 480 positive patients, 249 were failure cases who continued to excrete tubercle bacilli inspite of staying in hospital for more than 1 year (so-called “Chronics”). “Chronics” were seen in 12.0% of all patients, and in 28.1% of those staying for more than 1 year.
    4) Approximately 70% of patients staying for less than 3 months were cavitary and/or sputum positive cases on admission.
    5) Main reasons of admission to hospitals were to conduct initial chemotherapy effectively and to isolate infectious cases.
    6) Main reasons of continuation of hospitalization for longer period were persistent excretion oftubercle bacilli, respiratory insufficiency and complications.
    Download PDF (1068K)
  • Ichiro AZUMA
    1980 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 455-472
    Published: October 15, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this symposium, the immunological aspects of tubercle bacilli were presented and the usefulness of tubercle bacilli as the materials for immunological study was discussed.
    Dr. Yamamoto has studied on the mechanism of anti-tuberculosis protection in mice. When BCG cell walls which consist of adjuvant (BCG-CWS) and antigens (protein), were injected intravenously into mice as an oil-in-water emulsion, pulmonary granuloma were produced, and a close relationship was found between the degree of granuloma formation and protection against aerosol challenge with tubercle bacilli.
    Dr. Yamamura and his group have clearly shown that experimental cavity formation in rabbits was due to the cell-mediated immune response of host to tubercle bacilli (and tubercle protein). The protein and lipid fractions were purified from mycobacterial cells and the cavity was produced by the in jection of the mixture of above protein (antigen) and lipid (adjuvant) fractions but not by each alone in rabbits. The biochemical and immunological mechanisms of experimental cavity formation in rabbits were investigated in detail.
    The adjuvant activity and adjuvant-polyarthritogenicity were the characteristic biological acti vities of tubercle bacilli. Dr. Tanaka has reviewed the recent advance in these fields. Especially the details of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) which was established to be the minimum adjuvant-active subunit of bacterial cell walls were summarized. MDP has also been shown to have adjuvant-polyarthritogenicity in rats.
    Dr. Kishimoto has reported the selective suppression of anti-DNP IgE antibody response by preim munization of mice with DNP-con jugated mycobacterial cells, and the selective IgE suppression was shown to be due to the induction of DNP-reactive IgE class-specific suppressor T cells. Furthermore, he has obtained similar results by the administration of antigen (DNP or ovoalbumin)-conjugated 6-0 mycoloyl derivative of MDP. These results suggest the possibility of immunotherapy of allergic diseases.
    Recently, the antitumor activity of BCG was shown in experimental tumor systems and human cancer. Dr. Ogura has presented the experimental and clinical results in experimental tumor systems and human lung cancer using BCG cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS). BCG-CWS was shown to be effective statistically for the prolongation of survival period of patients with lung cancer. The adjuvant activity on killer T cells and macrophage activation was considered to be immunological bases of anti tumor activity of BCG-CWS.
    As shown in this symposium, tubercle bacilli are very interesting and useful materials for the study of immunology.
    Download PDF (3680K)
feedback
Top