巻号一覧
56 巻, 12 号
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須子田 キヨ, 彌吉 真澄, 中野 壽夫, 河野 雅子, 若井 真理子1981 年 56 巻 12 号 p. 561-566
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe phage PH susceptive and drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis isolated from patients were cultured on egg-medium containing the following drugs; SM, PAS, INH and RFP. Mono-drug resistant strains and tri-drug resistant strains of mycobacteria were obtained. A relationship between drug-resistance and a change in the phage susceptibility was indicated. The grade of diminution of the phage PH susceptibility in the mono-drug resistant mycobacteria-SM-1, 000 μg/ml, PAS-100 μg/ml, INH-50 μg/ml and RFP-100 μg/ml was 1/1, 1/10 or 1/100, respectively, as compared with those of the parent cultures in the former three drugs. The phage PH susceptibility of the RFP-resistant strain, however, had diminished more markedly than the other three agents (SM, PAS & INH), viz. 1/1, 000 compared with its parent strain. The tri-drug resistant mycobacteria, 3R-10 (SM 10 μg, PAS 10 μg, INH 10 μg/ml) did not lyse with the phage PH suspension containing 106/ml PFU.
The phage PH non-susceptible lysogenic colonies appeared in the lysis-area by the phage spotting method on the drug-resistant cultures. The lysogenic mutant produced from the SM-resistant mycobacterium showed resistance not only to SM but also to other anti-tuberculous drugs such as PAS, INH, SF, PZA, KM, VM, EM, CPM, RFP, and CS.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (836K) -
李 英徹1981 年 56 巻 12 号 p. 567-576
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe bactericidal activities of various disinfectants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated by two methods. The bactericidal effects of these agents against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) were studied with Silicone-coated Slide Culture Method. The silicone-coated slides, which had been immersed into approximately 1.0mg/ml of bacillary suspension (H37Rv) in petroleum benzine, were placed in serially diluted solutions of the various disinfectants. After various intervals from one minute to twenty four hours, the slides were removed and washed in the sterile normal saline to discontinue the action of the disinfectants. The slides were then cultured in Kirchner's liquid medium with ten percent bovine serum. After eight weeks of culture, all slides were examined for the growth on the surfaces of the slides.
Some of the disinfectants were further evaluated using sputum specimens obtained from the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who had positive smears. The sputum specimens, which had been pretreated with two percent sodium bicarbonate, were mixed with equal amounts of the disinfectants of various concentrations. After ten minutes to twenty four hours interaction, quantitative cultures were made on one percent Ogawa media and relative potencies of the disinfectants were observed with the time-kill relationships.
Saponated cresol solution showed the strongest bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) and the bacilli in the sputa. Ten percent of saponated cresol solution killed M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) on the surfaces of the slides in one minute, and the bacilli in the pretreated sputum specimens (1.3×106v. u./ml) with the ultimate concentration of five percent in less than ten minutes. The activities of two kinds of ampholytic surface active agents (Vista #300®, Tego 51®) were approximately parallel to saponated cresol, though the latter was more potent than the former in less than one hour. Iodophors (Isocline®, MK 212®) needed the higher concentrations to kill the bacilli in the sputa in spite of almost the same bactericidal activities as saponated cresol against H37Rv on the slides. Two percent glutaraldehyde (Sterihyde®) required at least thirty minutes to kill M. tuberculosis (H37Rv). Ten percent benzalkonium chloride solution (Osvan®) and five percent chlorhexidine gluconate solution (Hibitane®) showed no bactericidal activities against M. tuberculosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1231K) -
中川 英雄, 梅根 善一, 砂原 茂一1981 年 56 巻 12 号 p. 577-586
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーRifampicin today is an indespensable drug along with isoniazid for the control of tuberculosis, and the drug at present is usually prescribed as the combination of rifampicin and isoniazid. In such situation, a few adverse reactions of rifampicin have become apparent. Feverish reaction which is often observed in the first half of the first week of the daily administration, is noticed as an adverse reaction of rifampicin. Previously we have pointed out the following facts: the desacetylation of rifampicin is most active in the first day of daily administration, and then decreases markedly, day by day, within the first week. Therefore, we established the hypothesis that there could be a close relationship between the metabolic production of desacetyl-rifampicin and the fever observed in the first administration.
First of all, the metabolism of rifampicin in man was investigated, as detailed as possible, in 27 hospital patients with lung tuberculosis and 12 healthy persons. The desacetylation of rifampicin in each subject was estimated by determining the ratio of desacetyl-rifampicin to total rifampicin, in the urinary rifampicin.
635 tubercular patients treated with some regimens including rifampicin, and 313 tubercular patients treated without rifampicin as a control were statistically investigated as for the incidence of the feverish reaction.
Since some tubercular patients showed a psychosis of emotional disorder and at the same time a marked increase in the desacetylation, especially, during a prolonged daily administration of rifampicin, the detailed observations on the phenomenon were also carried out through the study.
It is neccessary to clarify first the essential features of the metabolism of rifampicin in man upon the administration of 450 mg rifampicin in a single dose. We will only discuss here our studies on the elimination of the drug and its metabolites in the urine and feaces. The metabolism of rifampicin in a healthy person can be summarized as follows:
1) The greater part of rifampicin, given orally, is transformed into water-soluble metabolites including desacetyl-rifampicin, and then excreted readily in the urine and feaces.
2) Recovery as intact rifampicin is approximately 10% of the dose, and it is found mainly in the urine.
3) Rifampicin glucuronide seems to be the major metabolite, and is found predominantly in the feaces.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1504K) -
国立療養所非定型抗酸菌症共同研究班下出 久雄, 束村 道雄, 伊藤 忠雄, 川上 景司, 久世 彰彦, 喜多 舒彦, 田村 昌敏, 中島 直人, 吉本 五勇, 松田 徳, 山 ...1981 年 56 巻 12 号 p. 587-593
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーNine cases (8 pulmonary disease and I pleural empyema) of the respiratory disease due to Mycobacterium fortuitum were found in 5 of 13 National sanatoria in Japan during the period from January 1967 to August 1980.
It was supposed that the respiratory disease due to M. fortuitum occupied about 1 per cent of whole atypical mycobacteriosis and the patients were found all over the country.
The patients previously reported in Japan were all over 40-year-old and the patients found in National sanatoria were all over 50-year-old, while patients under 20 years of age have been found not rarely in Europe and America.
There were no difierence in the number of patient by sex (5 men and 4 women). Subjective symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum and hemoptysis were observed at the onset of the illness in the majority of the patients. The disease was divided into two types; i.e., the primary infection type without underlying respiratory disease and the secondary infection type with preexisting disease. Three of 9 cases belong to the primary infection type. In the remaining 6 cases which belong to the secondary infection type, plumonary tuberculosis, pleurisy and pneumoconiosis was observed as the underlying disease, but there was no association of achalasia which was found frequently in European and American patients.
In the primary infection type sputum culture negative conversion occurred in all cases by antituberculous drug therapy alone and the appearance of their chest X-ray improved, although all strains isolated from the patient were completely resistant to all antituberculous drugs. On the contrary, in the majority of the secondary infection cases the excretion of organisms from sputum continued for extended periods. No patient underwent any surgical treatment. Two patients have died during this period, but both patients died of the disease other than atypical mycobacteriosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1041K) -
第56回総会特別講演東 市郎1981 年 56 巻 12 号 p. 595-607
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーTubercle bacilli have been shown to have various biological activities. Especially, the immunoadjuvant activity activity was known by so-called “Freund's complete adjuvant”. In this lecture, I have reported the adjuvant activity of the cell-wall skeleton of tubercle bacilli and its clinical application to cancer immunotherapy. The chemical synthesis and immunological properties of low molecular weight adjuvants related to bacterial cell-wall skeletons were also described.
We have shown that chemical structure of cell-wall skeleton (CWS) of tubercle bacilli, such as BCG, was shown to be “mycolic acid-arabinogalactan-mucopeptide”. The details of biochemical and immunological properties of BCG-CWS were examined. Oil-treated BCG-CWS was shown to have potent adjuvant and antitumor activities in experimental tumor systems such as: suppression and regression of syngeneic transplantable tumor, prevention of carcinogenesis and the restore of the depressed immune function to normal level in tumor-bearing animals. BCG-CWS was applied to the treatment of patients with lung cancer and acute myelogenous leukemia. Significant prolongation of survival period of cancer patients was observed by the immunotherapy with BCG-CWS in addition to conventional therapy, compared to the control group which was treated with conventional therapy alone. We have also found that the cell-wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra had more advantages than BCG-CWS as cancer immunotherapeutic agent. The efficacy of N. rubra-CWS as immunotherapeutic agent is now being examined by randomized control clinical trials in patients with lung cancer, leukemia and gastro-intestinal cancer.
In 1974, Ellouz and her coworkers have reported that the minimum adjuvant-active subunit of bacterial cell-wall was N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). We have chemically synthesized various MDP analogs and derivatives and their immunological properties were examined in detail with special reference to the relationship between the chemical structure and adjuvant activity. MDP and its analogs were shown to have potent adjuvant activity, however, they have no antitumor activity in any transplantable tumor system. Among the MDP derivatives, we have found that 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine and methyl ester of 6-O-quinonyl (-Q, S10)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-valyl-D-isoglutamine were active as cancer immunotherapeutic agent in transplantable tumors in syngeneic mice and guinea pigs.
The above results clearly suggested that tubercle bacilli and related substances are very important materials for the study of immunology and also for the treatment of malignant diseases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1996K)
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