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Volume 56, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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II. CholesterolEiko KONDO, Koomi KANAI1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 41-47
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe literatures dealing with cholesterol, which are directly or indirectly related to tuberculous infection and immunity, are reviewed and discussed. The main problem is the cholesterol turnover in macrophages, especially esterification of free cholesterol with long-chain fatty acids and hydrolysis of the esters. Since the plasma membrane and the phagosomal membrane are the sites of these biochemical events, phagocytosis and intracellular parasitism in tuberculous infection have ample opportunities to interact with cholesterol and the esters. In relation to this problem, the role of mycobacterial surface lipids and of a nonionic surface active agent Triton WR-1339 in tuberculous infection was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1258K) -
Hikotaro KOMATSU, Yoko ISHIZUKA, Ryozo YONEDA1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 49-55
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventeen cases of coexisting bronchogenic carcinoma and active pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed during the period from 1975 to 1979. The majority were male of over 60 years of age; namely, only one case was female, 12 cases were over 60 years old and 12 cases were squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma among cases with active tuberculosis was 25.8 times higher in males and 19.6 times higher in females than the corresponding figures in the general population. Observing by histological type, the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma among cases with coexisting tuberculosis was higher than that among total cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, but the difference was not statistically significant after standardization by sex and age.
The -diagnosis of coexisting bronchogenic carcinoma was very difficult, and in the majory of cases, the final diagnosis as coexisting carcinoma was delayed over one year from the detection of active tuberculosis.
The foci of active tuberculosis and of bronchogenic carcinoma were found mostly in the same lobe, but the coexistence of both foci in the same locality was found in only one case of squamous cell carcinoma.
In the follow up study of patients with active tuberculosis, the cell-mediated immune status returned to normal level in patients who responded well to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, while it remained under impaired status in patients who failed to respond to chemotherapy.
The patients of bronchogenic carcinoma with advanced stage showed attenuated cell-mediated immune response, and the trend was more marked among coexisting cases of carcinoma and tuberculosis.
The suggested possible explanation of the coexistence of bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis is that the former is not caused by the latter, but both diseases develop as a result of attenuated nonspecific cellular immunity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA, Takeo INOUE, Takeshi KUWAHARA, Kazuo YOSHIMOTO, Naot ...1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 57-61
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical effect of chemotherapy including minocycline on lung infection due to Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex was studied in the present study, based on a previous observation by Tsukamura who showed in vitro effectiveness of minocycline on this organism.
The Minocycline group consisted of 12 patients (8 male and 4 female) with average age of 63.6±11.1 years, and the control group of 33 patients (23 male and 10 female) with average age of 57.9±13.4. The patients had body weight 43.5 kg in average (32 to 51 kg). They showed at least three times excretion of the organism into sputum before and showed two or more excretions of the organism in three months immediately before the beginning of the study. Furthermore, at least one or more excretions showed more than 100 colonies. The minocycline group received chemotherapy with three agents, minocycline (100mg per os daily), enviomycin (1g per day, intramuscular, three times weekly), and rifampicin (0.45 g per os daily) (8 patients) or the above three plus ethambutol (0.75g per os daily) (4 patients). The control group received administration of three agents among the following: Streptomycin; kanamycin; capreomycin; isoniazid; p-aminosalicylate; rifampicin; ethambutol; pyrazinamide; ethionamide; cycloserine. The control group was obtained retrospectively from patients of the National Chubu Hospital, who were hospitalized in the past three years.
Both groups were observed for six months and followed up by monthly sputum examinations. The results are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1. Negative conversion was obtained in the minocycline group at a rate of 75% (9/12), and in the control group at a rate of 36% (12/33). No side-effect of minocycline was observed throughout the study. From the above finding, it has been considered that chemotherapy including minocycline (minocycline plus enviomycin plus rifampicin, or minocycline plus enviomycin plus rifampicin plus ethambutol) is considerably effective for lung infection due to M. intracellulare.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
TIBURCIO A. LEONIN1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 63-68
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsobutol, a molecular combination of INH-ethambutol linked by a sulfur bond was clinically studied on Filipino subjects at the Quezon Institute and VMMC on primary cases and at the UP-PGH for re treatment cases.
Based on its fast sputum conversions and marked regression of lesions on chest roentgenograph, isobutol was found to be effective as the sole anti-TB drug in primary TB as reported by studies separately conducted at QI and VMMC from minimal to far-advanced cavitary and non-cavitary cases. At the UP-PGH, isobutol was likewise used as the sole medicine in re treatment cases from minimal to moderately advanced non-cavitary cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Yasuyuki MOROTOMI, Jun OGATA, Masayoshi YAMANAKA, Teruo OMAE1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 69-73
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of miliary tuberculosis showing impaired liver function and polyneuritis was reported.
A4l-year-oldd male, heavy drinker, was admitted because of acute onset of paraparesis and fever. physical examination revealed an emaciated man with enlarged lymph nodes in the supraclavicular fossa and enlarged liver. Neurological examination showed paraparesis. The knee and ankle jerks were absent, but there was no sensory impairment.
On admission, chest X-ray showed pleural effusion on the right side. Laboratory examination revealed accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive CRP, increased gammaglobulin and impaired liver function tests consisting of increased serum value of bilirubin, glutamic oxaloastic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and thymol turbidity test. Staining of sputum, pleural effusion and cerebrospinal fluid was negative for acid fast bacilli.
Because of difficulty in establishing diagnosis, biopsy of the enlarged lymph node was performed, which was diagnosed as tuberculous granuloma.
It was after the establishment of the diagnosis, when culture of sputum, pleural effusion and cerebrospinal fluid turned out to be positive for acid fast bacilli. At this time, miliary shadows appeared on the chest X-ray which were not obvious on admission.
Intensive therapy with antituberculous drugs was started, which resulted in gradual improvement of miliary tuberculosis, abnormalities of liver function and neurological symptoms.
This case provides us an information that an impairment of liver function could be a prevailing clinical signs of miliary tuberculosis, and that miliary tuberculosis still exists nowadays and its clinical manifestations are manifold.View full abstractDownload PDF (2383K) -
Satoshi TANIAI, Itsuro MIYAZATO, Mamoru CHIDA, Junji SHIMASE, Shigemit ...1981 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 75-80
Published: February 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA male patient of 73 year-old was admitted to our hospital because of cough, sputum and disturbance in swallowing. He was diagnosed as tuberculosis 10 years before admission. He had been treated with various antituberculous drugs, but acid fast bacilli were found occasionally in his sputum. His chest X-mv film revealed large cavity-like shadows and tuberculous lesions in bilateral upper lobes.
We had interpreted these shadows as large tuberculous cavities for many years, because the cavitary shadows were located in tuberculous lesions. However, barium examination of upper gastrointestinal tract proved that the cavity-like shadow in the right lung field was a fist-sized esophageal dilatation. We suppose that the esophageal dilatation was induced by marked shrinkage and traction of tuberculous lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (5563K)
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