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Volume 60, Issue 9
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Toshihiko NAKAMURA, Seiroku TOKUCHI1985 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 463-468
Published: September 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bimodal distribution of the sizes of erythematic reactions to tuberculin test were observed in the group of young adults who had been exposed to a smear positive tuber culosis patient. Most of them had been vaccinated with BCG in the past.
A simulation analysis was conducted by using reference group to define the factors which transform a unimodal distribution into a bimodal.
Two conditional parameters, the proportional rate of the small group with enlarged erythema to the reference population and the excess size of erythema by new infection were employed to analyes the transformation of distribution curves.
The results showed that the unimodal distribution turned bimodal on condition that the proportional rate is within the range of ten to eighty percent, and that the size of erythema increases by more than 30mm.
The first peak which represents the population vaccinated with BCG lowers and the second peak which shows the newly infected population heightens when the proportional rate increase.
So long as the proportional rate exceeds eighty percent or erythematic reactions vary very widely, the distribution becomes hardly bimodal.
The intensity of infection and the proportional rate of infected persons can be esti mated from the distribution of reactions to tuberculin test even in the BCG-vaccinated population.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Shinji NISHIOKA, Takeshi KITAO1985 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 469-474
Published: September 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDate on life changes and life events of tuberculous patients during the 6 months prior to the onset of the disease were gathered.
The average life changes (life events) were 4.6±0.4 S. D.
There were strong relationship between life changes and social lives in males. In females, life chahges were related to life events at home.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
A Comparison of Tuberculous Granulomas in Lymph NodeTomiyasu TSUDA, Osamu ONIZUKA, Tetsuyuki YOSHIMATSU, Kunihiro SANNOMIY ...1985 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 475-482
Published: September 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSarcoidosis is still defined a disease of unknown etiology, but it is well kuown that the sarcoid and tuberculous granulomas are resemble each other, both of which consists of epithelioid cells and giant cells, and that on the other hand, central necrosis and fusion of each granulomas were frequently seen in tuberculous granulomas but not in sarcoid granulomas. These suggest that there are different mechanisms between the developments of sarcoid and tuberculous granulomas. In this study, we attempted to clarify the process of developing sarcoid granuloma in the lymph nodes, as compared with those obtained from the tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis.
In the early stages (I to II) of sarcoid lymph nodes, most of the granulomas devel oped near the post capillary venules in the inner cortex (paracortical area) and combined in same part with neighboring granulomas.Some of the granulomas developed near the lymphoid sinuses (cortical, intermediate and medullary), and sinus histiocytosis was well seen in these stages. In more progressed stages (III and IV), enlarged granulomas occupied the entire lymph node and the sinus histiocytosis was finally out of sight. On the other hand, the tuberculous granulomas in the lymph nodes developed continuously from the medullary to the paracortical area and fused each other. The central necrosis was seen in the granulomas and the sizes of the granulomas were variable.
In this study, we also attempted to clarify the differences of the enzyme activities between the macrophages in the sinus histiocytosis and the epithelioid cells in the granu lomas.
In sarcoid lymph nodes, acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase acti vities were markedly seen in the macrophages and epithelioid cells. β-Galactosidase acti vity was seen in the macrophages but not in the epithelioid cells. On the contrary, naph thol AS-D acetate esterase activity was not seen in the macrophages but seen in the epithelioid cells. In the tuberculous lymph nodes, the enzymes described in epithelioid cells of sarcoidosis showed almost same activities except for β-galactosidase, which showed the activity in a part of eithelioid cells affected with central necrosis of young granulomas.View full abstractDownload PDF (2602K) -
Tsuneo MATSUMIYA, Kunio YAMATO, Chokan RYU1985 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 483-494
Published: September 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has not been conclusively decided yet which is more effective method to give rifam picin (RFP) before or after breakfast. Conventionally RFP is given with other antituber culous drugs after breakfast by us to avoid gastric side effects, but it is necessary to study the best administration time of RFP in relation to other drugs.
To determine the best administration time of RFP, the serum concentration of RFP were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC was operated by the stuff of Kaken Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
Experiments were done as follows:
(1) RFP was given to the eleven patients either before or after breakfast by the cross-over method. The sample (sera) were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the administration of RFP (Table 1).
(2) The blood levels of RFP were determined in another groups of patients. 6 patients were given RFP before breakfast and 12 patients were given RFP after breakfast. Samples were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after the before-breakfast administration, and at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the after-breakfast administration (Table 2).
(3) The blood levels of RFP of 12 patients were followed during 24 hours after the after-breakfast administration. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the administration (Table 3).
Results obtained from these experiments were as follows:
(1) The average of maximal blood concentrations (C max) were almost same in the before-breakfast administration and in the after-breakfast administration.These were 5.3μg/ml and 4.5μg/ml respectively.
(2) The time required for the RFP concentration to reach C max (T max) was 1 to 2 hours in the before-breakfast administration and 3 to 4 hours in the after-breakfast ad ministration. There were greater deviation of C max, T max and AUC (area under curve) in the after-breakfast administration cases than in the before-breakfast administrationcases.
From these results, the before-breakfast administration seems to be slightly more effective. But it is suspicious that such melit is able to overcome the gastric side effect in the before breakfast administration.
(3) The average concentration of RFP during 24 hours after the RFP administration were lower in 5 cases who had discharged tubercule bacilli beyond 3 months than in 5 cases who had discharged it for only 1 to 2 months.
(4) Considering above mentioned results, we give the drugs separately to our in-patients: We give RFP after breakfast to avoid its gastric side effects and other antitubercu lous drugs (I NH and/ or EB) after lunch to attain C max of all drugs at the same time as possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1457K) -
Masahiko YAMAMOTO1985 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 495-501
Published: September 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The relative ratio of cases with atypical mycobacterial diseases to the cases with tuberculosis is increasing in Japan, mainly by the decrease of the former and partialy by the increase of the latter, and annual rate of incidence for tuberculosis was calculated as 62.5 per 100, 000 population and 1.9 for atypical cases in 1978.
2. In Japan, the kinds of species of the atypical mycobacteria which caused pulmonary infections were changing recently.The cases with M. kansasii increased from 3% to 19% and those with M. avium complex decreased from 90% to 72%, and several cases with various species of atypical mycobacteria such as M. szulgai, M, nonchromogenicum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonei were also reported recently.
3. From 1974 to 1984, 12 cases of M. szulgai, 10 cases of M. nonchromogenicum, 29 cases of M. fortuitum and 10 cases of M. chelonei were accumulated, and the clinical features of these cases were as follows.
4. Eleven per cent of the cases with M. avium complex were considered to be secondary infected cases to bronchiectasis, 9.9% to chronic bronchitis and/or diffuse panbronchiolitis and 11% to empysematous bullae.
5. Seven cases of cervical lymphoadenitis, 21 of skin abscess and 13 disseminated cases were reported from 1974 to 1984, and the clinical features of these extrapulmonary cases were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (916K)
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