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62 巻, 5 号
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露口 泉夫1987 年 62 巻 5 号 p. 253-264
発行日: 1987/05/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーTuberculosis is indeed a chronic infectious disease. In tuberculosis, however, the T cell-mediated immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and also in protective immunity against the bacillus. Variation in the host immune response to tubercle bacillus results in the various clinical manifestations of the disease, ranging from an immunologically hyperreactive state observed in pleural fluid lymphocytes in tuberculous pleurisy to an almost totally unresponsive state observed in severely ill, refractory tuberculosis.
In the present study, an immunological review was made on the clinical variations of tuberculosis. Immunology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection was also discussed briefly.
In recent years in Japan as well as in other socalled advanced countries, tuberculosis cases found in immunocompromized host have been increasing in number including tuberculosis in aged people. Tuberculosis complicated with other diseases such as diabetes mellitus has also relatively increased. Clinically, tuberculosis in immunodeficient hosts become easily refractory. Drug therapy in such cases is complicated by the development of resistant strains. Modification of the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be evaluated as a supplement to chemotherapy. Another problem which should be solved in future research in tuberculosis immunology is how to develop a new mycobacterial vaccine which is actually responsible for protective immunity in tuberculosis. For the solution of these problems, new modern tools such as recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal T cell clone technology should be introduced in the area of research of tuberculosis immunology.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1778K) -
国療化研第27次B研究報告望月 孝二, 重藤 えり子, 小林 保子, 長澤 誠司1987 年 62 巻 5 号 p. 265-280
発行日: 1987/05/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリー89 cases of relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. These cases had been treated with INH and RFP for at least 6 months, originally sensitive to INH and RFP and with negative sputum cultures for at least 6 months after conversion.
Relapsed cases were found regardless of: duration of previous chemotherapy if it was more than 6 months, duration of positive culture, amount of cultured bacilli, existence of cavities or character of their wall and whether sputum smears were positive or negative when cultures were negative in the previous treatment.
The time of relapse was either early (within a year) or late after the complation of previous treatment.
On the relapse from cases treated with initial short course chemotherapy, 55.5 per cent of cultured bacilli were resistant to INH and/or RFP.
About half of the relapsed cases had complication ssuch as diabetes mellitus which was most common, pneumoconiosis or liver diseases.Upper respiratory tract infection or intemperate life might lead to relapse in some cases.
Prognosis of relapsed cases was correlated with acquired drug resistance when relapsed.
More than half of relapsed, cases were treated with previously used drugs. Majon changes of regimen was made only in a few cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1771K) -
一山 智, 東村 道雄, 喜多 野彦, 近藤 喜久雄1987 年 62 巻 5 号 p. 281-285
発行日: 1987/05/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーBiological characteristics of three M. gordonae strains which caused infection in humans were compared with those of the strains considered as non-pathogenic. Two strains were isolated from patients with lung infection and another strain from left metacarpophalangeal joint abscess. These three strains were compared in respect to 91 characters with 22 strains recieved as M. gordonae.
Of the three pathogenic strains, 1) two strains showed rough colonies, 2) all three strains were resistant to NH 2 OH (500 μg/ml), 3) no strain utilized pyruvate as the sole source of carbon in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen, and 4) only one strain utilized urea and pyrazinamide, and no strain utilized nicotinamide as the sole source of nitrogen. In contrast, of the 22 non-pathogenic strains, 1) only 4 strains (18%) showed rough colonies, 2) only 5 strains (23%) were resistant to NH2 OH (500 μg/m l), 3) 16 strains (73%) utilized pyruvate as the sole source of carbon, and 4) 21, 22 and 19 strains utilized urea, pyrazina mide and nicotinamide, respectively, as the sole source of nitrogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (543K) -
斎藤 肇, 佐藤 勝昌, 冨岡 治明, 渡辺 隆司1987 年 62 巻 5 号 p. 287-294
発行日: 1987/05/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIn vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities of new quinolones, norfloxacin (NFLX), ofloxacin (OFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) were studied and the following results were obtained.
With regard to the in vitro activity of the quinolones against various pathogenic mycobacteria evaluated by agar dilution method, it was found that these quinolones were appreciably active against M. tuberculosis (MIC90=0.83.13μg/ml), M. kansasii (for OFLX and CPFX 1.6μg/ml), M. marinum (for CPFX, 0.8, μ/ml) and M. fortuitum (0.2-0.8 μg/ml), while they showed only a low activity against M. scrofulaceum, M. aviumcomplex and M. chelonae. The activity was highest in CPFX, intermediate in OFLX and lowest in NFLX.
Antimicrobial activity of 1 μg/ml of the quinolones against M. fortuitum growing in Dubos Tween-albumin medium or resting in phosphate buffered saline was studied. All agents showed antimicrobial activity against the organisms in both cases, whereas NFLX showed only a weak bacteriostatic action on the organisms growing in Dubos Tween albumin medium. The activity of CPFX was higher than that of OFLX.
OFLX and CPFX showed the therapeutic effects against experimental murine infection due to M. fortuitum when each agent was given orally to mice 24h after infection at the dose of 1 mg per mouse once daily, 6 times a week, for 4 weeks, but NFLX did not.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1018K) -
束村 道雄, 水野 松司, 外山 春雄, 一山 智1987 年 62 巻 5 号 p. 295-298
発行日: 1987/05/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agents was studied using Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. After exposure to antituberculosis agents in Dubos liquid medium for 24 hours, the order of the bactericidal activity of the agents was as follows: Isoniazid>Rifampicin>Kanamycin>Streptomycin>Enviomycin=Capreomycin>Ofloxacin>Cycloserine>Ethambutol=Ethionamide=p-Aminosalicyalte.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K)
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