All issues
Volume 63, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Toyoji Umekita, Masahiko Yamamoto1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 93-99
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently tuberculin positivity in primary and middle school students has been decreasing.
In this report, tuberculin sensitivity of school children aged 6, 7 and 12, 13 in K city, Kagoshima Prefecture were compared with that in all Japan and in all Kagoshima Prefecture.
The results of tuberculin reactions in 12 or 13 aged students of A middle school in K city was studied chronologically during the period from 1970 and 1986, and were analysed according to the intervals from the previous tuberculin tests.
In 1986 second tuberculin tests were performed in A middle school after about 3 weeks from the first test and the results of the two tuberculin tests were compared.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Tuberculin negativity of students in K city, Kagoshima Prefecture was 45.4%, 24.0%, 23.2%, and 17.1% respectively in 6, 7, 12, and 13 aged students in 1983, and 45.5%, 25.9%, 25.4%, and 17.7% respectively in 1984, 43.5%, 23.6%, 25.2%, and 17.6 respectively in 1985. These rates seemed to be higher than that in all over Japan and in all Kagoshima Prefecture.
2) The rate of tuberculin negative students in A middle school in K city was increased from 0.7% in 1970 to 58.3% in 1985, and dividing by the interval of two tuberculin tests, it was 12.5% in students with 1 year interval, 12.3% with 2-3 years, 19.2% with 4-5 years, 46.5% or 57.0% with 5-7 years interval from previous tuberculin test. The intensity of tuberculin sensitivty seemed to decrease slightly when the interval from the previous tuberculin tests exceeded 3 years, and decrease considerably when exceeded 5 years.
3) In repeated tuberculin tests, 125 students with negative reaction in the first tests changed to doubtful in 9.6%, to positive in 52.8% and remained negative in 37.6% in the second tests; 54 doubtful students changed to negative in 7.4%, to positive in 74.1%, remained doubtful in 7.4%.
In conclusion, in students with previous BCG vaccination, repeated tuberculin test for the negative reactors were highly recommented before BCG revaccination, especially for students with the interval from previous tuberculin test exceeded 3 years.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Fumio YAMAGISHI, Kiminori SUZUKI, Takashi ITOH, Noriko MURAKI, Nobumas ...1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 101-105
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatients with tuberculosis occurred in the same family and admitted to our hospital from January, 1982 to October, 1986 were subjected to the study, and motives of detection chest X-ray findings, results of sputum examination, coverage of family contact circumstances in examination, delay in diagnosis, were investigated in 32 cases from 15 families.
1) Most frequent combination of patients was parent and child. Many secondary patients were of younger generation, and 10 out of 17 were below 20 years of age.
2) The interval from the discovery of the index case to the detection of second patients was within 3 months in 10 cases, within 6 months in 4 and within 12 months in 3.
3) Motives of discovery were symptomatic visit in all the index case, and in the secondary cases symptomatic visit in 8, family contact examination in 7 and examination at work place in 2.
4) 13 out of 15 index cases proved to be smearpositive, and 12 discharged a large amount bacilli (Gaffky No.4 or more).
5) 13 out of 15 index cases were cavitary tuberculosis.
6) Examinees of family contact examination were 12 out of 17 (70.6%), of which 6 were discovered at the initial examination and 1 at the 2nd examination. There were 5 patients who were diagnosed as ‘healthy’ at the family contact examination and developed symptoms several months later.
7) In 50% of cases, diagnosis of tuberculosis was made until 1.5 month after appearance of symptoms, and in 80% until 5 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA, Satoshi ICHIYAMA1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 107-110
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of antituberculosis agents (rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin and enviomycin) against Mycobacterium avium complex strains were determined after incubation at 37°C for 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The testing of the MIC values were carried out using the Ogawa egg medium. Compared with the 2 weeks incubation, longer incubation periods caused increase of the MIC values. The MIC values were most influenced in the testing of the MIC values for rifampicin. The determination of the MIC values could be made after incubation for 2 weeks. Therefore, it is recommended to read the values at 2 weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
(9) Comparisons of the Mouse Infection Models by Three Different Routes of Challenge with M. avium ComplexShunichiro MASAKI, Nobuo SAKURAI, Motokazu KATO, Fumiyuki KUZE1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 111-119
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelatively large viable units of mouse virulent strain 31F093T of M.avium complex were challenged to conventional ddY mice by intravenous, intraperitoneal and airborne routes, and the differences of the pathological findings among these three infection models were evaluated by using several indices for the period of 15 weeks.
As the indices for comparison, the weight of total bodies and organs (lung, spleen, liver and kidney), extent of gross lesions and histopathological changes were used. In addition, the consecutively recovered viable units of bacilli from the lungs, spleens, and kidneys were also enumerated.
With intravenous and intraperitoneal infections, the main histopathological findings of the organs of mice were granulomatous lesions in the early stage and diffuse proliferative changes in lungs, and mononuclear cell aggregates and multiple glanulomas in the liver and spleen in the later stage.
In the mice infected by airborne route, no significant lesions were noticed in liver, spleen and kidney except in lungs, which demonstrated essentially the same histopathological findings seen in mice with intravenous and intraperitoneal infections, during the entire experimental periods. Although histopathological findings of the lungs showed essentially the same disease processes in the three kinds of models, the disease has been confined solely to the lungs in airborne infection model. It was suggested that the compartmentalization of the disease process in the lungs and possibly in its vicinity by airborne infection might offer a valuable tool for the evaluations of an active inflammatory cell interactions in lung per se provoked by the mycobacterium.View full abstractDownload PDF (7743K) -
Changes of Ia-Positive Alveolar Macrophages and T-cells SubsetsAkihiko OKANO, Atsuhiko SATO1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 121-131
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced in rat lungs by heat-killed BCG sensitization, the fluctuations of Ia-positive alveolar macrophages and T-cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in blood and in the pulmonary tissue were studied by the use of flow cytometry and immunohistochemical methods.
It was found in BALF that neutrophil leukocytes increased at early stage and lymphocytes and plasma cells reached the peak on seven days after the secondary sensitization. Analysis of T-cell subsets in BALF revealed that the ratio of helper T-cells to nonhelper T-cells increased by 2.24 on seven days, whereas nonhelper T-cells gradually exceeded helper T-cells at late stage. These data corresponded quite accurately with the changes of cell populations in the lung tissues in the process of the granuloma formation, but these changes of T-cell subsets were not found in the peripheral blood lymphocytes.
The granuloma formation in the lungs was seen remarkably at early stage. At the same time, it was also noted that Iapositive alveolar macrophages increased by 46.6% in BALF on seven days and Ia antigens on the epithelioid cells in the granulomas were positive.
These results suggest that the local analysis of cell components in BALF yields dynamic details concerning immune responses of pulmonary regions, and that the cellular interaction between Ia-positive alveolar macrophages and helper Tcells might be important in initiating the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of the lungs.View full abstractDownload PDF (5650K) -
Yasuko HARADA, Masahiro TAKAMOTO, Susumu HARADA, Tsuneo ISHIBASHI, Ats ...1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 133-142
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeripheral blood lymphocyte subsets have been evaluated in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis using combination of monoclonal antibodies and two color flow cytometry. Pleural effusion lymphocytes were also examined in patients with tuberculosis.
Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into three groups.
1) Active early stage Newly detected, bacteriologically confirmed patients treated with antituberculous treatment for less than 2 months.
2) Convalescent stage: Patients converted to negative by culture with antituberculous treatment for about 6 months.
3) Chronic bacillary excreter for more than 2 years.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Patients under 69 years of age.
At the active early stage, there was a decrease in total lymphocytes, pan T cells, inducer T cells and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells as compared to normal controls. The numbers of lymphocytes and almost all T cell subsets were restored to the normal level at the convalescent stage, however, decrease in suppressor T cells was observed. Among the natural killer cell subsets, we observed a significant increase in Leu 11+7- cells at both stages active early and convalescent. In chronic excreters we found a decrease in total lymphocytes, pan T cells, inducer T cells and an increase in helper T cells, activated T cells. There was an increase in Leu 11+7+ cells and Leu 7+2+ cells. The ratio of T4/T8 cells tended to be high in all three groups as compared to normal.
2. Patients over 70 years of age.
The number of lymphocytes tended to decrease at the active early stage and the chronic excreters and to be restored to normal at the convalescent stage. We observed a remarkable decrease in suppressor T cells at the active early stage. At the convalescent stage, we found a decrease in helper T cells and an increase in cytotoxic T cells. Among the natural killer cell subsets, we found a decrease in Leu 11+7- cells and Leu 11+7+ cells at the active early stage and their restoration to the normal level at the convalescent stage.Furthermore, there was a significant increase in Leu 11-7+ cells and Leu 7+2+ cells at the convalescent stage. In chronic excreters, we observed an increase in helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, Leu 11-7+ cells and Leu 7+2+ cells. The ratio of T4/T8 cells tended to be low compared to normal in all tuberculous groups over 70 years.
3. Patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
Comparing pleural effusion lymphocytes to peripheral blood lymphocytes, we found a significant increase in both proportion and absolute number of pan T cells, helper T cells and inducer T cells in pleural effusion. The ratio of T4/T8 cells was markedly high in pleural effusion. In contrast, we observed a remarkable decrease in all subsets of natural killer cells in pleural effusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1227K) -
Shigenobu UMEKI, Yoshiyuki OKAMOTO, Nobumi HISAMOTO, Yoshio TANAKA, Yo ...1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 77-year-old man (stonemason) was referred to our hospital because of the presence of abnormal shadow in chest roentgenogram and detection of acid-fast bacilli from sputum. Since one year prior to admission the patient has been complaining of an increase in productive cough, which appeared several years ago, and of an additional exertional dyspnea. One week prior to admission the patient suddenly suffered from herpes zoster and consulted a local doctor.
Chest roentgenograms and tomograms on admission revealed a wide variety of giant bullae and a marked thickening of their walls. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was repeatedly isolated from sputa. These results suggest Mycobaterium scrofulaceum lung infection associated with giant bullae. Although Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was resistant to RFP, sputum converted to negative by the use of intensive chemotherapy with INH, EB, RFP and SM for two months.View full abstractDownload PDF (3881K) -
1988 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 149-150
Published: February 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (248K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|