Kekkaku(Tuberculosis)
Online ISSN : 1884-2410
Print ISSN : 0022-9776
ISSN-L : 0022-9776
Volume 65, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Part II: The Changes of Tuberculosis Incidence and Analysis of Relating Factors
    Masayo KOBAYASHI
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The incidence rate of tuberculosis has been increasing in recent 5 years in Tochigi Prefecture. The author intends to clarify the factors effecting the changes of tuberculosis incidence during the period from 1962 to 1987 by analyzing the annual statistics of tuberculosis registry and implementation of tuberculosis control programme.
    The results thus obtained are as follows:
    1. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in Tochigi Prefecture has increased in the past 5 years especially in the younger age group of 0-19 and older age group of 50 and over. The increase can be explained by the recurrence of the disease occurred when they were young, most likely due to incomplete treatment, and secondary infection to young family contacts.
    2. The positive rate of tubercle bacilli was higher in Tochigi Prefecture than the rate in whole Japan during the period from 1979 to 1983, which was resulted from the delay in detection.
    3. Frequency of visits to patients by public health nurses, numbers of X-ray and bacteriological examinations had decreased during the same period when the incidence rate of tuberculosis increased.
    4. Continuous efforts to reinforce the tuberculosis control programme, especially X-ray and bacteriological examination for high risk population, such as family contacts, cleaners and barbers is essential in Tochigi Prefecture.
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  • Michio TSUKAMURA
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 9-12
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against two strains of M. avium complex 13008 (serotype 20) and 13016 (serotype 4), was observed using modified Dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of Dubos Broth Base (Difco) in 180 mil of distilled water plus 20 ml of bovine serum). The strains were most susceptible to antituberculosis drugs among M. avium complex strains (Table). The test strains were cultivated in Ogawa egg medium at 37°C for 10 days, and growing colonies were homogenized by shaking with glass beads for 10 minutes and suspended in the modified Dubos liquid medium to a concentration of 2 mg wet weight per ml. The media containing drug and containing no drug were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours under shaking (8 cm-moving range and 56 strokes per minute). After incubation, the medium was diluted by a 0.1 % Tween 80 aqueous solution to 10-7, and each 0.02 ml-sample of 10-4 to 10-7 suspensions was inoculated onto Ogawa egg medium. The Ogawa egg medium slants were incubated at 37°C for 28 days, and the number of colonies was counted. The bactericidal activity was determined as a ratio of the number of colony forming units in 10 ml aliquot of drug-containing Dubos liquid medium against the number of colony forming units in the control Dubos liquid medium.
    The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2.Under the condition tested, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide and cycloserine did not exhibit any bactericidal activity, and only streptomycin and enviomycin exhibited bactericidal activity. It was remarkable that, although the susceptibility of these two strains to rifampicin was similar to that of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin, rifampicin did not exhibit bactericidal activity on these M. avium complex strains. Under the same condition, most antituberculosis drugs, rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and enviomycin exhibited bactericidal activity on M. tuberculosis (Tsukamura, M., Mizuno, S., Toyama, H., and Ichiyama, S.: In vitro bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agents on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kekkaku 62: 295-298, 1987). Absence of bactericidal activity of rifampicin and isoniazid against M. avium complex seems to explain the fact that infection caused by M. avium complex is difficult to cure and often shows relapse.
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  • Hitoshi TOKUDA, Masakazu AOKI, Kiichiro ISOE, Tatsuro IWASAKI, Akira K ...
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to evaluate the efficacy of X-ray signs for the def f erential diagnosis of small lung cancer from tuberculoma, a cooperative study was carried out. X-ray films of 64 cases (lung cancer 35, tuberculoma 29) were read by 11 experienced chest physicians independently. The positivity of various X-ray signs were assessed respectively and obtained data were analysed with ROC analysis method.
    “Ill defined contour”, “unevenness of density”, “paleness”were proved to be relatively useful as a diagnostic tool, but “notch”, “pleural indentation” were not useful in differentiating lung cancer from tuberculoma.
    It was also noted that great interindividual variations existed on the judgements of X-ray signs among chest specialists, and the conquest of which may be a crucial key for the universal validity of these signs.
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  • Mayumi FUKUDA, Fumika YOSHIDA, Tomonori KUROSAWA
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 19-25
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of tuberculous pericarditis successfully managed with medical treatment alone was reported.
    A 78-year-old male was admitted because of cough, dyspnea and fever. Chest X-P and echocardiogram revealed massive pericardial effusion. His clinical symptoms and signs suggested cardiac tamponade. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected from pericardial fluid. ADA activity in pericardial fluid was high.
    Thoracic CT scan showed thracheobronchial, pretracheal, paratracheal and superior mediastinal lymphnode swelling. The diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis was confirmed. Anti-tuberculous therapy consisting of INH, RFP, EB in combination with prednisolone was started. One month later pericardial effusion was controlled and six months later he was in good clinical condition without surgical treatment.
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  • Masahito OKAYASU, Kohei HARA, Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Shigeru KOHNO, Teruhi ...
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 27-54
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Fumio YAMAGISHI, Kiminori SUZUKI, Takashi ITOH, Aya HAYASHI, Jun-ichi ...
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 55-58
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 65-66
    Published: January 15, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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