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Volume 69, Issue 12
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Tsunesuke TOMODA, Akiko TAKAI1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 743-749
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe defence factors against infection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were measured. As the defence factors, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory IgA (sIgA) in sputum or BALF of patients with bacilli (+) or (-) tuberculosis were measured and compared.
Lactoferrin in sputum was significantly higher in patients with sputum smear positive tuberculosis compared with patients with smear and culture negative tuberculosis. SIgA in sputum was significantly higher in smear negative and culture positive cases compared with culture negative cases. As to the lysozyme in sputum, significant difference was not proved between each group. The level of these factors in BALF did not show significant difference between bacilli (+) and (-) cases.
Neither significant corelation was observed among the level of three defence factors in sputum or BALF, nor between the number of leucocyte and tubercle bacilli in sputum. In tubercle bacilli positive group, however, significant positive corelation between the number of leucocyte and lactoferrin in sputum was found.
In vitro experiments, high concentration of lactoferrin or lysozyme inhibited the growth of standard strain of tubercle bacilli (H37Rv) and BCG.
The results suggest that the measurement of lactoferrin, lysozyme and sIgA in sputum or BALF is useful to determine the clinical activity of tuberculosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Yasuko HARADA, Yoshinari KITAHARA, Hideaki NINOMIYA, Susumu HARADA, Ma ...1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 751-757
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously untreated 347 tuberculosis patients newly admitted to our hospital from 1980 to 1991 with positive bacilli and the full record of the drug sensitivity tests were analysed in this study. Among them, 49 cases showed primary resistance to either of major 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs (SM, INH, EB, RFP).
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The number of patients with positive bacilli increased with age. The rate of primary drug resistance in patients of age group below 49 were significantly higher than that of age group over 50.
2. The rate of resistance was 8.6% to SM, 4.0% to INH, 1.4% to RFP and 0.6% to EB. These results are consistent with the results of studies of the Tuberculosis Research Comittee, Ryoken. EB was frequently substituted to resistant drugs.
3. There was no significant difference between a group with primary resistance and a sensitive group in the various risk and intractable factors, laboratory data as a indicator of risk factors, and in the results of tuberculin skin test. There was also no significant difference in the rate of culture negative conversion of tubercle bacilli and the improvement in radiological findings.
4. We could rarely find the source of infection in 49 cases with primary resistance. In only 5 cases, family contacts were suspected and in another 1 case, the contact in a work place was suspected.View full abstractDownload PDF (2121K) -
Toshio TAKATORIGE, Nobuo NISHI, Yukihiro TAKAMORI, Bok Seek LEE, Kozo ...1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 759-765
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of newly registered cases of tuberculosis has been increasing in the age group 15-19 year-old and over. To investigate the prevention of tuberculosis among young people under 20 years old, a survey was conducted on reported cases of tuberculosis among Osaka Prefectural high school students during the period from April, 1989 to May, 1994. Altogether 67 cases were reported from thier schools during this period. Although there was a decrease in the total number of students since 1990, there was no corresponding decrease in the number of cases of tuberculosis. Of the total number of cases among high school students registered at public health centers in Osaka, only 23% were reported from the high schools. Cases confirmed bacteriologically positive consisted 13% of all cases. Male students accounted for 61% of reported cases. The methods of detection included medical consultation due to symptoms (75%), mass radiography (18%) and pre-employment health checkup (7%). 46% of cases reported during the first school year were discovered by mass radiography. While 24% of all cases were detected in April, no less than 46% of cases among those in the first school year were detected in April. Compared with those detected in any other school years, cases detected in the first school year showed some characteristic differences with regards to detection and bacteriological results. There has been one tuberculosis epidemic which accounted for six cases during the past five years. In this epidemic, one case progressed to tuberculous during preventive therapy, another was detected by medical consultation for symptoms one year after the epidemic and one more case was detected by mass radiography at the work place two years later. These facts indicate the importance of follow-up of infected cases. The number of cases per 10, 000 students in Osaka prefectural high schools was 0.6 during this period. Students in the ordinary daytime course showed the lowest rate with only 0.5 case per 10, 000 students, while the rate in other kinds of high schools was 2.2 times higher. Sources of infection could be specified in only 6% of the cases and in all of cases, the source was identified in the household, Public health centers have the responsibility for examinations of contacts and follow-up of infected cases. Since only 23% of registered cases were dtected in high schools, tuberculosis surveillance systems and coordination of several public health centers covering high school districts larger than the territory of each public health center should be intensified in order to minimize the number of tuberculosis cases in high schools.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Atsuro HASHIMOTO, Hironobu KOGA, Shigeru KOHNO, Yoshitsugu MIYAZAKI, H ...1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 767-772
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed the rapid detection and identification method of mycobacteria, involving amplification of mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene by nested PCR and identification of M. tuberculosis complex or M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) by hybridization protection assay (HPA) using the acridinium-ester (AE) labeled DNA probe. The specificity of the nested PCR combined with DNA probe test was excellent in terms of detection of mycobacterial organisms and identification of M. tuberculosis or MAC. The detection limits of the present method were 10fg DNA for M. tuberculosis, and 100fg DNA for MAC, respectively. We further investigated on the optimum temperature for hybridization in HPA with AE labeled DNA probe because there was the difference in the mode of DNARNA hybridization from that of DNA-DNA hybridization. In our method, the optimum temperature of hybridization was estimated as 55±1°C. In preliminary experiments on two clinical cases, we practically detected and identified M. tuberculosis and MAC in clinical specimens, such as sputa, by using this newly devised method. We concluded that this method is useful for rapid detection and identification of M. tuberculosis and MAC in clinical specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1860K) -
Hideaki OHNO, Hironobu KOGA, Shigeru KOHNO, Yasuhito HIGASHIYAMA, Yosh ...1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 773-778
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated usefulness of the rapid diagnostic method for detection of rifampicin (RFP)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was based on polymerase chain reaction. The MICs of RFP were measured for 38 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which were suspected to be RFP-resistant organisms, and 12 strains were found to be resistant to RFP.
The PCR primers used were the same as those reported by Telenti et al, which were targeting the RNA polymerase β subunit gene (rpoB). We confirmed that this gene was possessed by all the strains tested. Eight strains out of the 12 strains with RFP-resistant phenotype were demonstrated to have a point mutation or some alteration in the rpoB gene on the basis of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Thus, the sensitivity of our method was calculated as 67%. In addition, we could not detect any alterations in rpoB gene by all RFP-susceptible strains.
These results indicated that rapid detection of the RFP-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was possible directly from clinical specimens by using PCR-SSCP technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (1961K) -
THEIR RATIO IN NIIGATA AREAKazuharu TSUKIOKA, Masami NAKAMATA, Michiko OHNO, Toshiaki TSUCHIYA, A ...1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 779-781
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing Gen-Probe test, both the Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare strains were identified in the 76 disease-associated Mycobacterium-avium complex (MAC) strains isolated in the NIIGATA area. The following results were obtained: 1) Fifty-four MAC strains (71.1%) reacted with M. avium-probe and 22 strains (28.9%) reacted with M. intracellulare-probe. 2) There were no significant differences between the ratio of two strains before and after 1991. 3) The ratio of female cases with M. avium was significantly higher (22/32) in the later period (after 1991) than in the former period (9/22).View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
1994 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 785-787
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (363K)
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