巻号一覧
75 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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戸井田 一郎2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーBCG vaccination programme and BCG vaccination coverage in the world were summarized mainly based on the published informations from official organizations, such as World Health Organization (WHO), International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
From this review, we can see how widely BCG has been used for the prevention of tuberculosis in the world.
In most of the developing countries, especially in Africa, the Americas, and Pacific Region, BCG vaccination is carried out to newborn babies soon after birth by intradermal injection according to the recommendations from WHO, but some of the developing countries in Asia and Europe have their own modified BCG vaccination programmes.
In economically developed countries, BCG vaccination programme has been established according to the tuberculosis status of each countries. Some countries have general vaccination policy, and other countries have selected vaccination policy, but there is no country where BCG vaccination is not carried out at all. Among G8 contries, as representatives of the economically developed countries, Japan, United Kingdom, France and Russian Federation have BCG-general vaccination policy for the specified age group. In these 4 coun tries revaccination (s) of BCG are still carried out. In Germany, some provinces have general vaccination policy and some others have selected vaccination policy. In the United States of America, BCG vaccination is recommended to selected high risk infants and health care workers by CDC.
There are many debates as for the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccination, and the developement of new vaccine better than BCG has been actively discussed and some encouraging results in animal models have been reported from several laboratories. But, there is almost no possibility to be able to use a new vaccine in the routine practice within a couple of years. From the practical point of view, therefore, the operational researches for the better and more appropriate usage of BCG are equally important and more practical than the researches for the development of new vaccines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1147K) -
竹垣 嘉訓2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 9-18
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a typical intracellular parasite similar to M. tuberculosis and is one of the most important pathogens that coinfects AIDS patients. Attention has been focused on M. avium infection causing immunosuppression of hosts. Specific serotype-subspecies such as 1, -4 or -8 serotypes can be isolated frequently in humans infected with HIV. Furthermore, the prognosis after infection differs depending on the serotype. Serotype-4 in general shows unfavourable prognosis, while serotype-16 yields rapid recovery. Therefore, we have been interested in the immunomodifying activ ity of the surface glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigen. However, no information has been available to date dealing on the virulent factor of MAC that is directly related with intracellular bactericidal activity. Recently, we have tried to test the effect of various GPLs purified from MAC on phagocytic processes of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). We have used GPL-coated heat-killed staphylococcal cells to be phagocytosed by PBMC, and phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-L fusion) was estimated by the acridine orange staining of fused vesicles and bacteria. Results showed strong promotion of phagocytosis and marked inhibition of P-L fusion by serotype-4 GPL, while neither promotion of phagocytosis nor inhibition of P-L fusion in phagocytic cells were shown by serotype-16 GPL. Serotype-8 GPL showed concomitant stimulation of both phagocytosis and P-L fusion. These effects may be due to some unknown interaction between specific carbohydrate chain and organella membranes and serotype-4 GPL may be one of the possible virulent factors in MAC. Comparison with known possible virulent factors such as trehalose 6, 6' -dimycolate (TDM), trehalose 6-monomycolate (TMM), glucose 6-monomycolate (GM) or sulfatide was also reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1309K) -
斎藤 肇, 村上 和保, 石井 則久, 權 赫〓2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 19-25
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe “24-HOUR BATH” is an apparatus which circulates the bath water, keeps it clean and warm, and makes it possible to take a bath at any time during the day or night. It consists of apparatus for cleaning (sponge or mesh filter and filter material), heating (ceramic heater), and sterilizing (UV lamp). Recently, three cases of skin disease due to M. avium infection in private homes, in which “24-HOUR BATH” water was suspected to be the source of infection, have been reported. We attempted to isolate M. avium complex from the water (32 specimens), sponge filter (29 specimens), and filter material (32 specimens) of the “24-HOUR BATH”. One hundred-ml samples of bath water, and 50-ml samples of rinse from a sponge filter or filter material were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min. Sediment was suspended in distilled water and a smear was prepared, and then digested and decontaminated with 2 % sodium hydroxide. The processed specimens were cultured on 2% Ogawa medium containing ofloxacin (1μ g/ml) and ethambutol (2.5μ g/ml) for 8 weeks at 37°C. Positive smears were 3 (9.4%), 25 (86.2%) and 25 (78.1%) specimens from the water, sponge and filter material, respectively. A few bacterial clumps were observed, especially in the sponge specimens. The number of positive culture was 5 (15.6%), 24 (82.8%) and 25 (78.1%) from the water, sponge and filter material, respectively. Among them the number of Runyon's Group III-positive cultures was 5 (100%), 22 (91.7%) and 20 (80%) in the water, sponge, and filter material specimens, respectively. In most cases, cultures were positive for both the sponge and filter material specimens. All of the Group III mycobacteria were smooth, grew at 28, 37, 42, and 45°C, negative for niacin, nitrate reductase, semiquantitative catalase, urease and Tween80 hydrolysis, and positive for 68°C catalase. All of the strains reacted with M. avium complex AccuProbe and M. avium AccuProbe, but none of the strains reacted with M. intracellulare AccuProbe. Therefore, all the Group III isolates were identified as M. avium by the culture, biochemical and genetical characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2061K) -
重藤 えり子, 横崎 恭之, 村上 功2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 27-31
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーBooster phenomenon (recall effect) of tuberculin skin test, which disturbs diagnosis of tuberculous infection, is prevalent among BCG vaccinated population. We retested 34 nurse students whose initial tuberculin reaction was smaller than 30mm by erythema (Group A) and 53 hospital employees whose initial reaction was smaller than 20mm by erythema (Group B). Among the people whose diameter of erythema was less than 10mm by the first test, 88 percent (8/9) of group A and 43% (6/14) of group B showed reaction 10 mm ≤ by erythema and among those whose induration was<10mm, 54% (6/11) of group A and 48% (12/25) of group B showed reaction 10mm ≤ in the second testing. Mean and standard deviation of [the difference between the diameter of the 2nd and the 1st testing] was+7.3±11.8mm in group A, +9.8±11.1mm in group B by erythema and+2.6±5.9mm in group A, +2.9±5.1mm in group B by induration. These results indicate that booster phenomenon is highly prevalent among the tested group and there can be no appropriate criteria to distinguish new infection and booster phenomenon. Though two-step tuberculin skin test is recommended to get rid of booster phenomenon. Only a little is known about the value of this test to diagnose new infection in Japanese population, majority of whom being BCG vaccinated. Further investigations are required to apply two tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of new infection among hospital em ployees and health care workers in Japa.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (794K) -
三田 佳伯, 土橋 邦生, 中澤 次夫, 森 昌朋2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 33-36
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーA 78-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, sputum and cough. Chest X-ray showed infiltrative shadows in the right lung field. Smears of his sputum were positive for acid-fast bacilli. We found multiple subcutaneous abscesses on the right distal forearm. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed granulation tissues with the proliferation of epitheloid cells with the scattering infiltrations of neurophils, giant cells and histiocytic cells. The examination of the PAS stained specimen revealed fungal elements and a black fungus, Exophiala jeanselmei, was isolated by the cultures of pus from the abscess. He was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis compli cated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei and was suc cessfully treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-fungal agent, 5-fluorocytosine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2986K) -
2000 年 75 巻 1 号 p. 37-63
発行日: 2000/01/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (15293K)
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