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Volume 79, Issue 9
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Masakazu AOKI2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 509-518
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBCG vaccination has been given to infants and children so extensively and repeatedly for more than 55 years in Japan that it is very difficult, or often impossible to diag-nose tuberculosis infection by tuberculin testing. On the other hand, as the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection has become more and more important recently, diagnosis of infec tion is becoming more and more important at the occasions of contact survey. However, understanding of the health care workers about transmission of tuberculosis is incomplete frequently at present. This is the reason why the author has written this review. The author has described on the history of the progress of droplet nuclei infection theory, infectivity of tuberculosis by bacteriological status of the patients, impor-tance of cough, susceptibility of the host, and environmental factor concerning transmission of tubercle bacilli in this issue.View full abstractDownload PDF (1818K) -
Katsuhiro KUWABARA, Yasushi WATANABE, Koichi WADA, Toshiaki TSUCHIYA2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 519-523
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS[Introduction] Mycobacterium avium-intracellu lare complex (MAC) has become one of major human patho gens, however, its routes of transmission and environmental reservoirs causing human infection were not yet elucidated. We reported three families affected by pulmonary Mycobac terium avium (M. avium) disease. Previous reports on MAC diseases observed in the same family were very rare. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether the infectedM. avium was the same strain among cases in the same family and to examine the possibility of human-to-human trans mission, or infection from exposure to a common environ mental reservoir.
[Methods] M. aviumisolates from nine cases of three fami lies were examined by DNA polymorphism based typing tech nique, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using insertion sequence IS 1245 as a probe, to type the strains. Some isolates were subcultured to a single clone.
[Results] All strains isolated from cases in the same family showed different patterns by the RFLP analysis. And not onlysimultaneous polyclonal infection but also repeated polyclonal infections were observed in some patients.
[Discussion] The results suggest importance of underlying anti-mycobacterial immunological impairment and defects of local defense rather than virulence of infected strains as the pathogenesis of pulmonary M. avium disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1618K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 525-530
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 531-535
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Shinya KONDO, Gen NISHIMURA2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 537-540
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a case of one-year and three-month oldmale infant with healed tuberculosis who was found bypositive tuberculin skin test prior to scheduled BCG vaccination. Abdominal CT imaging revealed calcification in liver, spleen, and lymphonodes along pancreas and hepato-duodenalligament, despite of normal chest imaging.A temporary intubated infant with congenital tuberculosis and/or his motherwith untreated tuberculosis might infect him during his stay inthe same NICU when he had digestive disease at three-monthold. This report suggests that periodic contact investigation isneeded for infants who had contact with the intubated infantwith congenital tuberculosis in the same room, since cellView full abstractDownload PDF (1019K) -
Kaoru SHIMOKATA2004 Volume 79 Issue 9 Pages 541-545
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics and function of human lymphocytes in tuberculous morbid sitewere studied. Exudativesensitized lymphocytes in tuberculous pleural fluid reacted tothe specific antigen more effectively and produced highertiters of cytokines including interferon γ (IFN -γ) than circulating lymphocytes. CD4+/CD8-T-cellsubset is responsible for the antigen-specific IFN -γ production in pleural T lymphocytes of patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Thus, activated T lymphocytes concern the production of cytokinesat the morbid site and they effectively exert local cellularimmunity through the action of such cytokines. Immuno fluorescence study showed increased production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i NOS) and peroxynitrite in BCG-inocu lated human alveolar macrophages (AM). Reverse transcrip tase-polymerase chain reaction methods also revealed the higher expression of i NOS-coding m RNA. Colony assay dem onstrated that human AM effectively killed BCG in their cyto plasm. However, treatment of AM with NG-monomethyl-L arginine monoacetate resulted in markedly reduced killing activity. These results clearlyshow that BCG-induced NO and its reactive product with the oxygen radical, peroxynitrite, could play an important role in BCG killing in human AM.
We measured the pleural concentrations of IFN -γ inter feron -γ-inducing cytokines; interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 and interferon -γ-inducible chemokines; IFN-γA-inducibleprotein of 10 k Da (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig), and IFN-inducible T cell a chemoattractant (I-TAC). These cytokines and chemokines in tuberculous pleural effusions were much higher than those in malignant pleural effusions. These findings indicate that IFN ? A plays an important role in the cell mediated immunity in tuberculosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K)
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