Denshi kenbikyo
Print ISSN : 0417-0326
Volume 6, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • C.E. HALL, TOKIO INOUE
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 129-132
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effective scattering cross sections for polystyrene in electron microscope specimens were measured through the microdensitometry of the images of polystyrene latex spheres recorded with an RCA Type EMU 3 B electron microscope.
    Measurements were made at both 50kV and 100kV beam potential without an objective aperture, with a 40-micron aperture and with a 20-micron aperture. Cross sections per gram vary from 1.9 to 11×104 cm2/gr. The results are consistent with previous experimental data and are in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations.
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  • Shinjiro KATAGIRI, Yoshiro ONUMA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 133-137
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new astigmatic compensator is employed in permanent magnetic excited objective (Hitachi HS - 5). The compensator is a nickel plated copper cylinder with the slitted bead. The strength of the asymmetric magnetic field in the compensator is controlled by the thickness of plated nickel.
    To find quickly the compensating condition, the vector representation of the astigmatism is used. The compensating condition is. practically unchangeable even when the variaton of accelerating voltage is ±6 % at 50kV.
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  • Tsutomu KOMODA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 137-148
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two ways for mearsuring the resolving power of electron microscope are compared. They concern with (1) the separations of evaporated particles of heavy metal such as Pt-Ir and (2) the lattice spacing of crystal such as Cu-phthalocyanine, respectively.
    The former is a reasonable method, but it is difficult apply it to the range less then 10 A. U., owing to the difficulties in specimen preparation and the specimen alteration during observation.
    The latter method is appreciated in the range of higher resolving power, though better value of resolving power may be expected due to the insensitiveness of spherical aberration and astigmatism with the image formation.
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  • Susumu MARUSE
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 148-151
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An experimental method producing and usingthe pointed filaments is explained. The pointed filament is formed by the Sakaki-Mollenstedt's method, but a few notice about the electrolytic etching method and a new method adjusting the Webnelt potential will confirm the successful experiments of pointed filaments. In addition it is reported, that the pointed filament is practically very useful in the electron micro cope, which has no condensor lens.
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  • Shoichi HIROTA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 152-157
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There is descrived an improved method of surface replica suitable for observation of active pulverous materials, which are unstable in the atmosphere.
    The process is as follows; (1) SiO is obliquely evaporated onto the specimen from two evaporating sources placed at the symetric positions for the center of the specimen in a high vacuum. (2) The specimen is exposed slowly to the atmosphere. (3) SiO evaporated specimen is molded with plastics applying rather light pressure without deep entrance of plastics into the powder. (4) Specimen are dissolved away chemically. (5) Disconnected SiO films which is fixed on the smooth surface of plastics are reinforced with thin film of evaporated carbon. These composite replica films are treated as usual.
    This method is successfully applied to the study of the thermal decomposition, of oxide coated cathodes, and the crystal growth during the heat treatment is observed.
    The resolution of this reprica is estimated to about 200Å or better from the measurement of a minimum separation of striations. Critical conditions for this method are briefly discussed.
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  • Shin MATSUYAMA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 157-160
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The results obtained in the electron microscopic study of hard chromium-electroplating on aluminium and its alloys may be summarized as follows:
    (1) A carbon film obtained by the vacuum vaporization has suitable application to the preparations of the specimens in electron microscopical stuay of the conditionized aluminium surface for electroplating.
    (2) The fine structure of eruptions produced on aluminium surface by the conditioning was examined with electron microscopy by means of the replica method. The overspread appearance of the fine structure of eruptions on aluminium surface indicates a signal that the conditioning was finished.
    (3) The discrimination of good or bad conditioning solution is indicated by the appearance of the fine structure of eruptions produced on aluminium surface by conditioning.
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  • I. Several Forms and Flagella
    Zensaku YOSHII
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 160-166
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Causative microorganism of rat-bite fever (Spirillum minus Carter or Spirochaeta morsus muris Futaki et al.) collected from peritoneal fluids of infected mice, have been observed with the aid of the electron microscope.
    Typical spiral, large granular, and whirl forms have been recognized in this microorganism. These forms were regarded as the shapes which appeared on the several stages of the life history.
    On this experiment, a dispute about the flagellation, bipolar single flagellum or tufts of flagella were not settled.
    Influence of the sampling technique and the basis of the electron microscopy of this microorganism were discussed.
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  • Mituo OGURA, Akira SATO, Lung-San WANG, Isamu SAWARAGI
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 167-171
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the recent clectronmicroscopy biological materials are fixed with osmium tetroxide in most cases and the study on the stainability of osmium is one of the fundamental studies on the biological applications of electronmicroscopy. Bahr studied the reductibity of various substances for osmium tetroxide, and reported that the reductibity of protein was very strong and that of fat was less; ribonucleic acid :almost lacked the ability. These results are incompatible with the histochemical assumption.
    We consider that the characteristic stainability of osmium tetroxide for neutral fat is not only chemical, but also physical. Our experiments show that fine osmium pariticles in water are diffusible in mineral oil and animal fat, but those in oil or fat do not diffuse in water. The physical character of neutral fat is that it has not :hydrophilic radical, so that neutral fat disperses in water as a fat droplet. The :hydrophobic osmium particles diffuse and stabilize in oil or animal fat. The fine .osmium particles which are reducted in cell sap, diffuse in a fat droplet and are not washed out by water. Then, the electron scatering power of fat droplets is very strong, containing many osmium particles. On the other hand, the osmium particles, can not diffuse in masked lipids which are enveloped in a fine network of carbonchain, of proteins and protein micell, and these lipid layer are more transparent than the protein membrane.
    Under this assumption, the electronmicrograph, or fine structure, of the fat droplet, lipoid particle, endoplasmic reticulum and myelin sheath is discussed.
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  • Mituo OGURA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 172-178
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the purpose of the physiological analysis on the mechanism of the exitation and its conduction, the effects of ional concentration and ionic species of immersion media on the fine structure of peripheral nerve are researched with an electron microscope.
    1. Axonfilaments are dipersed. in an aqueous media containing NaCI or KCI of very hypertonic concentrations. The limit concentration which disperse axonfilaments is 2.8% (1/2 Mol.) of NaCl, and 6.8 % (1 Mol.) to 13.6 % on the case of KCl. The beads-like shapes of the axonfilaments are observed only partially in media at about the limit concentration.
    These results show that the factor which make up the axonfilaments is chiefly the ionic linkages of the intermacromolecules. It is considered that the axonfilaments must be made up of liponucleoprotein system in order to let the exitation conduct. The essential mechanism of the exitation and its conduction is mostly the splitting of these ionic linkages and its subsequent conduction.
    2. The myelin sheath preserves its own layer appearances of the electron dense lamellae within a wider range than do the axonfilaments, but is destroyed in aqueous media containing NaCI and KCI in about a 2 Mol. concentration. In these cases the electrondense line or membrane is clearly observed at the center of the double layer of lipid. This electrondense line or membrane is made up of osmiumparticles that are reduced and bound in the spaces of increased size which are produced from a binding of additional ions together with their associated water inter the double layer of lipid. It is suggested the hydrophilic radicals of lipid layers face each and the binding force is constructed of cations and negative charged radical of lipid. On the other hand, the intermacromolecular binding forces, which make up the lipoprotein lamellae are mostly the hydrogen bond and Van der Waals forces.
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  • Hisashi TUJIMURA, Shunjiro AZUMA, Kazuo KIMURA, Toru TAKEVAMA
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 178-183
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The fine structure of human liver cells was studied with electron microscope in biopsy specimens of embryonal livers, adult livers, and livers of hepatitis. The results.obtained may be summarized as follows:
    1. Though endoplasmic reticulum in the liver cells were long and flatt in the normal embryo, they were abundand and vesicular in the adult, and were destructed in the hepatitis.
    2. Cristae mitochondriales were more prominent in the liver cells of hepatitis, compared those in the embryonal and adult liver cells.
    3. In the embryonal liver cells, cytoplasmic granules were demonstrated to advantage.
    4. In liver cells of hepatitis, granules and vesicles were increased in number.
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  • Lung-San WANG
    1958 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 184-191
    Published: April 25, 1958
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the course of the electron microscopic study in the correlation between the structure and the function of the endoplasmic reticulum, the present paper discusses the secretory mechanism of the epithelium in the thyroid gland.
    1) The endoplasmic reticulum of the epithelium in the thyroid gland consists of the three layered membranous structure.
    2) During hypoactivity of the gland, the flattening of the follicular cell and the endoplasmic reticulum is disposed with the regularity of its three layered membranous structure.
    3) In the hyperactivity of the gland, the increased height of the epithelium. And the endoplasmic reticulum dilates and stores the secretory product in its cavity and becomes transform into the colloid droplet.
    4) The attached particles on the outer smooth surfaced memberane free and scatter in the cytoplasm by the alternating of the potential of the surfaced memberane.
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