【目的】長崎県外海地区における住民の精神的健康および主観的健康感と地域の宗教的背景および個人の宗教を含めた社会人口学的要因との関連について評価する．

【方法】住民にキリスト教徒の割合が高い黒崎地域（キリスト教地域）とキリスト教徒の割合が長崎県の値と同レベルの神浦地域（非キリスト教地域）とを比較した．住民に自治会を通じて無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した．調査項目は，回答者の基本属性と宗教，現病歴，精神的健康，主観的健康感であった．同時に，両地域において宗教的な活動を含む地域活動について自治会長から意見を聞いた．

【結果】総数424人から質問紙調査の回答が得られ，性別や年齢，宗教が未回答であった137人を削除した287人を分析対象とした．自身がキリスト教徒であると回答した割合はキリスト教地域では86名（47.3％）であり，非キリスト教地域では3名（2.9％）であった．単変量分析では，キリスト教地域のキリスト教徒が非キリスト教徒よりも将来への不安を感じていた（カイ二乗検定，p=0.001）．ロジスティック回帰分析の結果では，地域の宗教的背景や個人の宗教との関連は見られず，主観的な経済ゆとり満足感の低さが将来への不安（調整オッズ比（AOR）：3.74, 95％信頼区間（Cl）：2.01-6.94），無力感（AOR：3.97, 95％CI：2.20-7.17），うつ傾向（AOR：2.67, 95％CI：1.50-4.76）と関連していた．主観的健康感の低さには，独居であること（AOR：2.28, 95％CI：1.09-4.76），現病があること（AOR：9.10, 95％CI：3.59-23.08）が関連していた．自治会長のインタビューからキリスト教徒のほうが宗教的な活動を含む地域での活動が活発であることが推察された．

【結論】長崎県外海地区の地域の宗教的背景が異なる2つの地域の住民の精神的健康には宗教的な要因ではなく，主観的な経済ゆとり満足感の低さとの関連が示された．主観的健康感には，独居と現病といった個人的な要因が関連していた．

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the actual breast and nipple observations received by pregnant mothers from nurses and midwives and the effects of breastfeeding.

Methods

The study method consisted of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of 302 mothers who attended infant health screening with their infants. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kagoshima University (No.348).

Results

Valid responses were received from 240 mothers (79.5%). Mothers who underwent observation of the breast and nipple for the entire duration of their pregnancy accounted for 129 of the199 respondents (64.8%). Most mothers felt that observation of the breasts and nipples was necessary, with 185 of the 199 respondents (92.9%) indicating a perceived need for this type of observation. Mothers who underwent observation of the breast and nipple for the entire duration of their pregnancy revealed a significantly related to breastfeeding among the mothers (p＜0.05).

Conclusions

Many pregnant women wish for observation opportunities, the observation of the breast and nipple during pregnancy by midwife or nurse had breastfeeding rate than those who did not observe.

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, the Ministry of the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan created supplemental texts about radiation. Teachers were then instructed to provide education on radiation, but many were unable to do so because they had not learned a sufficient amount of material. Therefore, we developed a “Quartet Game” that could be used by teachers in school as teaching material to make learning easier for students. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether elementary school students could acquire knowledge on radiation through the Quartet Game and clarified whether it was an appropriate methodology for sharing information. This study was carried out in 2015 in Fukushima Prefecture and included 89 students as study participants. We conducted a questionnaire test on the students before and after the implementation of the game. The results indicated that over 95% of the students understood the rules, enjoyed playing the game, and learned something new. Furthermore, the total knowledge score on the post-test was significantly higher than that on the pre-test. These findings suggest that the Quartet Game is an effective method for teaching radiation education among elementary school students.