In the 20th century, people with congenital color vision deficiency (CVD) were subjected to eugenic ideology and suffered genetic discrimination in Japan. This paper first suggests the involvement of science (so-called eugenics) and medicine (ophthalmology) in the background.

The Japanese Society of Race Hygiene, founded in 1930, was keen to introduce eugenics into Japan and they used CVD as a prime example when promoting their idea. One reason was that CVD could be easily detected by the Ishihara plates developed by a Japanese ophthalmologist, and screening tests for all children were already being conducted nationwide. The Society have parted ways with eugenics since 1958. Epidemiology and public health thinking played a major role in their change of policy.

Japanese genetic scientists in the 21st century, reflecting on the past, argued that it is more appropriate to understand CVD as a “normal” genetic polymorphism rather than an “abnormality”. Based on this idea, they proposed the concept of “color vision diversity”.

However, even now, Japanese society has not dispelled the notion that CVD is genetically inferior. One reason is that ophthalmologists, who are considered authorities on color vision, cling to the idea that CVD is abnormal. Redesign of testing and diagnosis is also important, as studies have accumulated showing that testing with the Ishihara plates is not accurate. Evidence-based epidemiology and public health approaches may be useful here as well.

A systematic literature review was conducted to clarify QOL after revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the factors associated with changes in QOL in Japan. Twelve studies THAt met the criteria were selected for analysis out of 243 original articles searched from Ichushi-Web (Version 5), Medical Online, CINII, MEDLINE/CINAHL, and PUBMED. The mean age of the patients selected was primarily those in their 60s, which is young for patients undergoing this type of surgery. Women were predominantly included in the analysis. Currently, quality of life is mainly assessed on patient-rated outcomes (MOS Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Oxford Hip Score (OHS), however, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Score (JOA Hip score), which is a provider-rated outcome, is still widely used. The quality of life (QOL) after revision surgery continued to recover for several years after initial THA, but then stalled and declined, and QOL after surgery was related to the preoperative physical function. Further studies are needed in order to clarify the factors THAt affect the change in quality of life as well as the change in the quality of life of elderly patients undergoing revision surgery.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the cognitive factors associated with the preference for home as a place of end-of-life care by population size.

Methods: We used binomial logistic analysis to analyze the factors associated with the preference for home as the place of terminal care for each of the five population size categories.

Results: The results of the binomial logistic analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the image of “security” toward home care among the population sizes other than “less than 10,000” and in the image of “satisfaction” toward home care among the population sizes other than “200,000-100,000”. In particular, the odds ratio for the image of “peace of mind” was 3.853 (95% confidence interval: 1.178-12.601) for those who wanted to stay at home compared to those who did not want to stay at home in the “200,000-100,000” population. The image of “satisfied” was higher in the “500,000-200,000” group at 4.888 (1.993-11.986) and in the “less than 10,000” group at 4.506 (1.425-14.242). There was no significant difference in the evaluation of the medical care system in the place of residence for all population sizes.

Conclusion: The image of home care is associated with a preference for home at the end of life.