To identify safe and comfortable position of upper limb at drawing of venous blood, angles of upper limb joints and the body sense of comfort were measured with being selected healthy girls of 21st and 22nd years old as testers. Three types of pillows for drawing blood were used ; conventional pillow for drawing blood, self-stand for drawing blood and bathing pillow. As the results, it was suggested that the bathing pillow was most appropriate from the extension degree of elbow joint and body sense of comfort. It was proved and suggested, however, that any of pillows in the trial were not sufficient to support safe and comfortable position of upper limb with the one alone and that supporting both positions of wrist joint and elbow joint would be better for the safe and comfortable drawing blood.

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This research aimed to clarify the characteristics of sleep-wake rhythm of elderly people by measuring bed time, rising time, wake episodes, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep minutes and wake minutes. For this research, cooperation of 22 elderly people living in old-age welfare facilities was obtained and actigraph was attached to the subjects for measurements. Sleep-wake rhythm was compared by age groups of sixty- to ninety-year olds with numerical values and graphic forms. The residents of the old age home usually got up at between 5 and 6 o'clock in the morning and went to bed at between 8 and 9 o'clock at night. The total wake minutes at night was 60 minutes and the frequency of wake episodes was 9.6, which means their sleep was not so preferable.

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Background : The lifestyle-related diseases prevention approaching from the infant period is more effective. The previous studies have reported that children have bad lifestyle for health, such as not eating breakfast, not chewing well, and not eating hard food. To keep and improve children's health, it is necessary to acquire appropriate lifestyle. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between chewing ability and lifestyle on elementary school children. Methods : The subjects in this study were one hundred thirty eight children who enrolled at a public elementary school from fourth to sixth grade in Tokyo. We requested the students to fill in the questionnaire to investigate their lifestyle, and assessed chewing ability using Occulusal Force Meter^[○!R]. The height and weight data was obtained from the school record. The Rohrer Index was calculated by : [weight (kg)/height (cm)^3]×10^7. Results : The chewing ability of the student who excise for more than 60 minutes every day was better than that who excise for 60 minutes or less. The Rorer Index of the student who eat lunch fast was higher than that who eat lunch normally or slowly (p<0.05). "Chewing food well" was related to "eating breakfast with family", "having time to spend family" and "thinking having good health", respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : Among the school children, chewing ability and chewing habit were related to their lifestyle, especially dietary habit.

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Nurses are required to obtain highly sophisticated academic information for contributing to the health of medical consumers through evidence-based practice (EBP). However, it is often difficult to be constantly in the possession of appropriate information resources, conduct searches to satisfy various information needs, and obtain useful information. In this study, a process was validated, in which high-quality information on "eating disorders among young women" was searched, and a resource map was prepared to locate such information that would contribute to the advances in nursing. This resource map contains the following information : special articles published in academic journals ; core journals that are identified by analyzing research articles ; practice guidelines, medical books, dictionaries, and encyclopedias offering general information ; and pertinent websites. In addition, Ichushi-Web, an academic bibliographic database used for searching primary information that contains current results, has been presented with the pertinent search strategy. By employing this resource map concerning eating disorders, it became possible for nurses to gain an overview of specialized information necessary in dealing with eating disorders. Because this resource map presents academic bibliographic databases and search strategies, the users are able to obtain not only basic research information but also current research information that is suitable for an individual's information needs. Thus, by using this resource map, nurses may possibly acquire improved skills to search academic information ; ultimately, this would further advance nursing activities in the future.

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