The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of resilience and key life events on the child-rearing stress of mothers with 3-year-old children. We administered an 11-item questionnaire to mothers to collect data on their attributes and life events. The correlation between resilience to child rearing and child-rearing stress_was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Valid responses were received from 96 mothers. Results showed that older mothers and those with higher resilience tended to experience lower levels of child-rearing stress. Divorce and hospitalization of a spouse were factors in lowered resilience. These results suggest that life events and the ability to increase resilience should be considered when establishing support measures to effectively reduce child-rearing stress.

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The present study aimed to clarify nursing assessments and approaches regarding mothers of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). An interview survey was conducted on 11 nurses at a specialized hospital for cleft lip and/or palate and the results were qualitatively analyzed. Three categories of maternal psychological state were identified and four assessments and five approaches were extracted. The category emotionally closed off included two assessments ('understanding the mothers feelings and determining maternal psychological state) and one approach (approach toward mothers who are emotionally closed off). The category able to accept support included one assessment (assessment of changes in mother) and three approaches (approach based on maternal and child needs, building trust among child, mother, and nurse, and encouraging contact with people going through the same experiences'). The category able to look ahead to their childs growth included one assessment (assessing the mother-child relationship and the mothers state of understanding) and one approach (support for mothers who are looking ahead to their childs growth) The present findings clarified that nurses assessed the mothers psychological state and accordingly selected the appropriate approach regarding support for the mother. Nurses considered it important to respond to mothers and children while looking ahead to the childs growth.

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The purpose of this study was to structuralize the consciousness of nursing ethics extracted from psychiatry nurses who participated in a nursing ethics seminar. Among 39 psychiatry nurses who attended the nursing ethics seminar, 25 nurses who gave consent to this study (response rate, 64.1%) and six nurses who had a semistructured interview after six months (follow-up rate, 24%) were the subjects of this study. The results of qualitative and posteriori analysis on the structured consciousness of nursing ethics showed that the seminar was understood as an opportunity to think about difficult nursing ethics issues immediately after the seminar ended. The seminar provided the subjects with another opportunity to think about the roles of psychiatry nurses with professional ethics, protection of the patient's human rights, and dilemmas and countermeasures for ethical issues. Participation in the seminar also strengthened their motivation for learning nursing ethics. Six months later, it was found that psychiatry nurses were always conscious about protection of the patient's human rights. Furthermore, dilemmas and countermeasures for ethical issues were consistently present. The contents of learning faded away in six months, but motivation for learning about nursing ethics, which had strengthened immediately after the end of the seminar, had left a positive impact and reminded the nurses of the need to have such seminars regularly.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the interventional effect of the short form of Assertion Training for preceptor nurses, using Self-evaluation Scale of Preceptor Role Performance, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. The subjects were female nurses experienced for 2-4 years and were in charge of preceptor for new graduate nurses for the first time. This program was made under the supervision of an expert assertion trainer and consisted of lecture and drill using DESC method. It takes 2 hours. The data were collected from 17 preceptor nurses and analyzed. The results were as follows: The scores of Self-evaluation Scale of Preceptor Role Performance (SPRP) significantly increased after intervention of the program in all subjects, but the scores of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) didn't increase. In the lower score group of RSES before intervention, the scores of SPRP and RSES after intervention significantly increased, but the scores of RAS didn't increase in the same situation. In the higher score group of RSES before intervention, the scores of SPRP after intervention significantly increased, but the score of RSES and RAS didn't increase in the same situation. It is suggested that the short form of Assertion Training used in this study might be more effective to enhance self-esteem for preceptor nurses whose RSES scores were lower.

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With the aim of determining the support required by families with a young-onset dementia patient during the period from the onset of the disease and subsequent consultation to the start of using services, semi-structured interviews with 11 families were conducted to enquire about their coping behaviors, and the results were classified into different processes between the initiation of diagnosis/treatment and use of services and analyzed qualitatively and inductively to extract core categories as core concepts of the feelings of families and their coping behaviors. The families provided the patient with care while "changing their lifestyles" and "feeling uncertainty about the future" , and did not consult others or collect information on available services. The families considered the use of services when the medical condition of the patient worsened and "he/she could not be left alone". However, when the families failed to locate appropriate services, "they became isolated". If the families were able to contact the providers of services, "they were relieved from a sense of isolation". The following forms of support should be provided to prevent families from becoming isolated: the provision of specific information on services available to family members, the provision of care immediately following diagnosis by the medical institution in collaboration with community general support centers as an interprofessional team, and introduction of friendly consultation and other services for individual patients based on the results of assessment in daily life.

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In this study, Japanese version of Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (JCEI) was developed based on Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II). by Kashdan et al. (2009) and its relations to mental health and psychological well-being were examined. Undergraduate students (N=830) completed JCEI and questionnaires on mental health and psychological well-being. Factor analyses indicated a two-factor model of "stretching" (α=.82) and "embracing" (α=.78), same as the CEI-II. Stretching was positively correlated to high ability in planning and conscientiousness. Embracing was positively correlated to high abilities in environmental acceptance, self-regulation and social relations. Results of present study suggest that two types of curiosities in JCEI contribute to mental health and psychological well-being in deferent ways.

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We examined the roles of supporters and support agencies to promote local comprehensive care for patients with young-onset dementia. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 19 patients with young-onset dementia and their families and performed qualitative and inductive analyses of the data. As a result, we identified, categories related to formal support, such as doctors, home nursing care, care managers, and administrative agencies, and categories related to informal support, such as caregivers' associations, social workers, and local communities, along with the core categories "Do not leave the patients and their families in an isolated environment" and "Establish connections between supporters". Cooperation between supporters, such as observation in home nursing care being applied to medical and long-term care, as well as efforts such as participation in caregivers' associations to free oneself of isolation and social workers to promote support from the community helped the patients and their families feel relieved. In the future, it will be necessary to improve care managers' knowledge of support systems other than long-term care insurance, strengthen coordination between relevant administrative agencies to establish an integrated system, and develop networks in local communities to promote understanding among local residents of young-onset dementia.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chair yoga program on physical and mental health in community-dwelling older women. This cross-over trail used chair yoga DVD as an intervention. The mean age of the former yoga group (n=12) was 81.7±3.5 and that of the later yoga group (n=11) was 72.5±4.9. At the baseline, the physical flexibility, subjective health, and fear of falling of the former yoga group were worse than those of the later yoga group significantly (p<0.05). After yoga period of the former yoga group, there were no significant differences between two groups. In the former yoga group, Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent flow volume were increased and systolic blood pressure and SpO_2 were improved significantly (p<0.05). In conclusion, chair yoga program may be effective for older women.

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We conducted an organoleptic test on the gustatory perception of college students. Of the 47 students surveyed, 13 were found to possess reduced sensation of saltiness. Furthermore, the survey also revealed that six to seven subjects had insufficient perception of umami flavor and bitterness.

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