[in Japanese]

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We made a questionnaire survey of life events and depression for middle and advanced age males in a vellage, Chiba, to elucidate which life events might be related to depression. Incidence of life events surveyed were change of income (35.1%), disease of familymember (29.3%), injury/disease (18.5%), death of blood relative (13.2%), debt (13.0%). rebuilding of home (12.3%), death of best friend (8.7%), and child's leaving home to live independently (8.5%). The results obtained by using univariate analysis revealed that life events related to depression (i. e., in which odds ratio was significantly greater than 1) are marital infidelity, troubles with relatives, change of job, troubles with a superioir, injury/disease, and change of income. Multivariate analysis indicated that life events related to depression (in which relative risk was significantly greater than I) were injury/disease, and troubles with a superior.

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In many universities and colleges in Japan, double Master's step test is widely employed to detect the cardiac abnormality prior to the swimming class in healthy students. To evaluate the efficacy and the limitation of Master exercise testing, we compared the test with symptomlimited multi-stage bicycle ergometer exercise test in 43 students who are clinically free of cardiac disease. In 43 selected students (24 males and 19 females), two students (4.7%) could be classified as positive exercise responders by application of conventional ST criteria. Routine (Master) exercise testing of the students carried out before bicycle ergometer exercise testing did not show any abnormality in ECG including ST-segment depression and T change. Peak heart rate in a Master's test was 76±9 while those of a multi-stage ergometer testing was 166±11. Our results suggest that Master exercise testing for asymptomatic adults in evaluating exercise-induced cardiac disorders could gave false negative results. It is recommended that exercise testing with symptomlimited multi-stage protocol using bicycle ergometer should be used before exercise training to screen the cardiac disease in asymptomatic adults.

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