Choriocarcinoma commonly springs from the chorionic epithelial cells of the placenta, and it sometimes occurs in the germ cells of the ovary and testis, and the pineal region, the mediastinum, and the retroperitoreum. However, this carcinoma of the stomach origin has scarcely been reported. The present paper reports a case of the choriocarcinoma of the stomach origin. Here we investigated immunohistochemically the localization of three main marker of the embryonic carcinoma, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), and α-fetoprotein (AFP). Moreover we examined the characterization of the cell structure by electoron microscopy. The hCG reaction of some syncytiotrophoblastic tumor cells and cytotrophoblast cells proved positive. This strongly suggested that these cells can produce the hCG. On the other hand, there was no cell showing the positive reaction against CEA and AFP. Two types of cells can be found under electron microscopy. One is a multinuclear syncytiotrophoblastic tumor cell and the other is a mononuclear cytotrophoblast with a small amount of organella. In the cytoplasm of both cells, the developed Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum exhibiting a string form were observed.

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Strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of female junior college students and were biotyped on the basis of their biochemical reactions. The following results were obtained. 1) 187 strains of St. mutans were isolated from a total of 298 samples of dental plaque. 2) On the basis of their biological reactions 1 75 strains belonged to biotype 1 and 14 strains to biotype. IV . 3) Other biotypes were not found. 4) Some strains differed in a few biological properties from other strains belonging to the same biotype. The results suggest further the polymorphism of St. mutans strains in their biological properties. It is important to know a geographical distribution of each biotype for the future control of dental caries.

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Urinary γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) has been found to be unstable when stored at -20℃. When urine after freezing was subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis, β-band of two bands was diminished. Further, we observed that low activity of γ-GTP in human urine after freezing depend on the variant forms of the enzymes by condensation of the dialysate. We found that dialysis before freezing or addition of 5% dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) and 5% glycerol protected the enzyme activity against inactivation.

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By using the high-speed liquid chromatography (HLC-813d), chemical analyses were made of Cladia aggregata and Usnea diffracta. Three different portions (A=apical, M=middle, B=basaD were taken from the thallus, each portion 1 mg (dry weight). Each sample was prepared by extracting with 2 ml absolute methanol for more than 24 hours at about 60℃. Then, 5 μl of each extract was chromatographed on a column (Flow TSK-GEL type ; 4 mm x 300 mm) with water-methanol (20 : 80,v/v) at 0.8 ml/min. Chromatographic peaks of lichen substances were monitored by absorption of 254 nm, and they were compared with those of authentic substances. The strength of the absorption peak and the concentration of authentic substances (diffractaic acid and barbatic acid) were found to show linear relationship. Therefore, the concentration of each substance was calculated from the strength of the peak (see tab. 1 and 2). Two peaks of Cladia aggregata were identified ; peak b is 4-0-demethyl barbatic acid, and peak c is barbatic acid. Two peaks of Usnea diffracta were identified ; peak e is diffractaic acid, and peak f is usnic acid. Owing to the scarcity the material, the other peaks (a, d, g, and h) were not identified. In the Cladia aggregata and Usnea diffracta examined, the concentration of each of the following substances is highest in the apical portion of the thallus and dereased toward the basal portion : barbatic acid, 4-0-demethyl barbatic acid, usnic acid, and diffractaic acid. In Cladia aggregata the concentration of barbatic acid is remarkably high at the apices of the thallus (see Fig. 1,5). In Usnea diffracta, the concentration of usnic acid is remarkably increased at the apices as barbatic acid in Cladia aggregata, the concentration of diffractaic acid is high in all parts of the thallus and it gradually increases toward the apices. In Cladia aggregata, the ratio of barbatic acid in contrast to the other substances is the highest in the apices, and decreases from the apical to the basal portion of the thallus (Fig. 1). In Usnea diffracta, the content ratio of the diffractaic acid to the other substances is increased from the apical to the basal portion of the thallus. The content ratio of usnic acid in contrast to the other substances decreases from the apical to the basal portion of the thallus (Fig. 2).

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Nach Fichte ist die Philosophie nicht nur mit der sich selbst realisierenden Individualitat untrennbar verbunden, sondern auch eine Wissenschaft. Dieser Aufsatz beabsichtigt. Fichtes Begriff der Philosophie aus dem Verhaltnis von Personlichkeit und Philosophie her genauer zu bestimmen. 1. Freiheit und Philosophie. In der Philosophie erscheint die Personlichkeit, indem sie erst ?durch die Freiheit unseres Geistes" hervorgebracht werden kann Schelling schloss daraus : Alle Philosophie tragt ?den Stempel der Individualitat an der Stirne", weshalb ?eine allgemeingultige Philosophie ein ruhmloses Hirngespinst" ist. Fichtebehauptet dagegen, es sei dennoch nur ?eine Philosophie" moglich 2. Philosophie als Wissensophie. Philosophie darf nicht nur ?den Gedanken des Philosophen" ausdrucken sondern muss auch das von diesem unabhangig vorhandene Denkgesetz, ?die notwendige Handlungsart des menschlichen Geistes" beschreiben. Wenn sie das Gesetz der menschlichen Natur trifft, wird sie zur Wissenschaft. Alle Philosophie gelangt durch Refiexion zu Prinzinpien. Auf der Stufe der Reflexion darf sie daher nicht stehen bleiben, sondern muss auch diese refiektieren, bis das unsere Reflexion bestimmende ursprungliche Gesetz (Prinzip) sichtbar wird. 3. Freiheit und Vernunft. In der Sphare der Wissenschaft spielt die sogenannte Freiheit keine Rolle. Sie ist nur das Vermogen, mit der Wissenschaft zu beginnen. Wo die Reihe des Denkens beginnt, gibt es nur noch ?Notwendiges", wie etwa Geometrie. Freiheit ?schaut" dem Handeln der Intelligenz nur ?zu". Aber naturlich ist Fichtes Lehre kein Spinozismus. Obwohl Freiheit wie bei Spinoza ?Erkenntnis der Notwendigkeit" bedeutet, gibt es keine Notwendigkeit ohne Freiheit : das Gesetz erscheint nur durch unsere Reflexion, die aber eben ?eine Handlung der Freiheit" ist. Mithin wird die sich selbst produzierende Freiheit selber zum Gesetz, zur absoluten Vernunft. Schluss. Jeder muss mit der Philosophie neu beginnen. Ohne Individualitat entsteht keine Philosophie, und ohne Philosophie Vernunft. Wenn der Mensch ?durch die hochste Freiheit seine eigene Freiheit und Selbstandigkeit aufgibt und verliert", wird er mit der Vernunft einig, mit dem, ?was ewig da war und ewig wir selbst war". Die Philosophie war fur Fichte der Weg, der die Menschheit zur Vernunft fuhrt.

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