Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
Online ISSN : 2185-9485
Print ISSN : 0029-0270
ISSN-L : 0029-0270
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Volume 28, Issue 196
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • Research on the Grinding Action by Single Grit
    Norio TAKENAKA, Shigeyasu SASAYA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1615-1629
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1615
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    To study the grinding action of grinding wheels fundamentally, in this research single grit attached to the circumference of a steel disc was used instead of grinding wheel. Photo-micrographs of the cutting edge of the grit were taken from three directions at several intervals during grinding a work piece. Profiles of ground grouves were recorded and chips and fraction of grit were collected and inspected with microscope. Several kinds of grits of # 24 were used and hardened steel and cast iron blocks were used as the work pieces. Results of these experiments show : As grinding proceeds the cutting edge of grit wears, not only producing flat areas on flank side, also fracture of small portion of grit adjacent to the cutting edges. The grit is flattened on account of attritious wear and also small fracture of grit from cleavage surface.
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  • Adhesions between Various Tool Materials and 18-8 Stainless Steel
    Minoru NISHIHACHIJO
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1629-1638
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1629
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    This paper describes the adhesions of 18-8 stainless steel to various tool materials (carbon Steel, High Speed Steels, Carbides and Ceramic) on the basis of the friction tests. Adhesions of 18-8 stainless steel to tool materials can be avoided by preventing the bare Austenitic structure from the contact of the tool materials as much as possible. One way for attaining this purpose is an application of cutting fluid containing extreme pressure agents and the other is to vary the structure of 18-8 stainless steel-for example, from Austenite to Martensite. The results are as follows : (1) At higher speed, Carbide with sulphurized oil (active) is best and at lower speed, High Speed Steel with sulphurized oil (active). (2) Low temperature cutting with Carbide is effective for preventing adhesions of 18-8 stainless steel.
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  • The Theoretical Research on the Blanking of the Sheet Material : Part 1, Analysis of the Statically Admissible Stress Field
    Takashi JIMMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1638-1646
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1638
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    The author applied the theory of limit analysis to a theoretical investigation of the stress distribution in the sheet material during circular blanking, and calculated the statically admissible stress distribution on the following assumptions : (1) The sheet material is the non-hardening plastic-rigid body. (2) The ratio of the tool diameter to the sheet thickness is large enough to be assumed that the material near tool edges is approximately in the state of plane strain. (3) Stresses in the material caused by punch are equal to that by die. (4) The stress field in the material consists of several regions of constant stress separated by straight lines of discontinuity. As the result of the analysis, many actual blanking characters were well explained, and the lower bound of the blanking force, the side force acting on the die, etc., could be reasonably estimated.
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  • The Theoretical Research on the Blanking of the Sheet Material : Part 2, Analysis of the Kinematically Admissible Velocity Field
    Takashi JIMMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1647-1654
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1647
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    As the continuation of the previous paper, the kinematically admissible velocity field in the sheet material during the blanking process was analyzed by the plastic-rigid plane strain theory. In this paper, the author divided the deformation process into four stages, and studied the relation of the blanking force to the punch penetration as well as the effect of clearance on the shape of the sheared surface. Moreover, calculation of the effective shearing strain, supplement for work-hardening was done. Lastly, comparing the solution of the statically admissible stress field with that of the kinematically admissible velocity field, an exact solution of the blanking force was obtained for blanking with smooth punch and die.
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  • A Measuring Method of a Gear Accuracy, by Means of Two Feelers : Part 1, Principle and Examples
    Jiro ISHIKAWA, Hitoshi OHMURA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1655-1662
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1655
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    Up to this time, the accuracy of gears has been expressed in terms of individual errors such as the pitch error, the tooth profile error, the eccentricity etc. or in terms of the total error from meshing tests with single or double surfaces. Each of these methods, however, is not satisfactory to express the accuracy of gears. The authers present a new method to measure the error of a gear. Two feelers contact simultaneously on two adjacent tooth surfaces and draw error curves in the same way as in the case of usual tooth profile tester. The center distance of the two feelers is set equal to the normal pitch of the gear. Consequently, two curves of profile errors are recorded on the paper. The entire error curve around the gear teeth is obtained by superposing these individual curves. By this new method, the accuracy of gear is more adequately expressed than by any of the conventional methods. This method is convenient in other respects, for example, the analysis of the cause of error becomes easier, the testing procedure less laborious and the whole apparatus less expensive.
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  • A Measuring Method of a Gear Accuracy, by Means of Two Feelers : Part 2, Relations between the New Method and the Meshing Test with Single or Double Surfaces
    Hitoshi OHMURA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1663-1670
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1663
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    An investigation about the over lap ratio of error curves obtained from the new measuring method (refer Part 1) shows that the method is able to be used in all cases of spur gear. Curves of meshing error and angle positional error which occur in two meshing gears are derived from error curves of the both gears. In addition, this method of composition is useful when the elastic deformation of gear tooth should be considered for angle positional error. The author compares the new measuring method with the single- or double- surface meshing test, and makes clear that the new method is more suitable in studying the meshing behavior of gears.
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  • Die-Rolled Noncircular Gears : Part 2, In the Case of Gear Blanks Being Shifted
    Kumao KON
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1670-1675
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1670
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    In the last report under the similar title, a rolling method of noncircular gears was treated in that a die holder with two dies was fitted on the tool rest of a lathe and the tool rest was pushed toward the gear blank. In this report, a die holder with a die was fitted on the tool rest of a lathe, then the tool rest was pushed toward the gear blank which was shifted in the rectangular plane of the gear blank shaft. Elliptic gears were made by the above-mentiond equipment, and aluminium and steel were used as the materials of gears.
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  • A New Type Double-Enveloping Worm Gears : 1st Report, Fundamental Analysis on the Tooth Engagement Action
    Akira TOYAMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1676-1683
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1676
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    The author designed a new type double-enveloping worm gears. In this new type the worm is a conventional hourglass worm, but the number of teeth of the worm wheel and the center distance are smaller than the conventional type. In this paper the design principle is presented. With Hindley type worms, surfaces of action or lines of contact of the new worm gears are theoretically obtained and compared with those of the following two types of worm gears : (1) the cylindrical worm gears having a worm thread of a straightsided axial section. (2) the Hindley worm gears. The following conclusion is obtained. It may be considered that the new worm gears is a general form of the above mentioned two types of the conventional worm gears, and can be properly designed to circumvent the defects of the latter two types without sacrificing the desirable features as a worm gears.
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  • A New Type Double-Enveloping Worm Gears : 2nd Report, Sample Gears and Equipments for the Performance Test
    Akira TOYAMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1683-1690
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1683
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    In the 1st report a fundamental analysis on the tooth engagement action of the new worm gears is presented. In order to confirm the practicability of this new worm gears, an experiment comparing performances of this worm gears with those of a well-known "Cone Drive Gears" and a conventional cylindrical worm gears is planned. In this report, preparations of these sample gears and equipments such as the worm gear performance tester, the torque meters and the wear measuring instrument are described. Results of the experiment will be reported in the succeeding reports.
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  • A New Type Double-Enveloping Worm Gears : 3rd Report, Results of Experiment
    Akira TOYAMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1691-1699
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1691
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    In the 2nd report the sample gears and the experimental equipments were explained. Results of the experiment are as follows. In the load range up to the value specified in the AGMA standard as "Surface Durability of Double-Enveloping Worm Gears", the efficiency of the new worm gears is higher than the conventional cylindrical worm gears but lower than the "Cone Drive Gears" and the wear resisting ability of the new worm gears is nearly same as the "Cone Drive Gears" and the conventional cylindrical worm gears having a hardened and ground worm. From these results it is concluded that the new type double-enveloping worm gears has a possibility of practical use.
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  • Graphical Method for Determining Accelerations in a Plane Linkage Mechanism with One-Degree of Freedom
    Kiyoshi OGAWA, Kocho YAMAUCHI
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1700-1707
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1700
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    Of the graphical methods for determining accelerations in a plane linkage mechanism with one-degree of freedom, the method of projection and the method of closed circuit of vectors are already known. But these methods have the fault that one may mistake in solving a problem because of their complicated procedures and lack of the clear arrangement of their constructions. In this paper, a new graphical method is proposed in order to obtain readily accelerations in the mechanism by applying the method which was already shown by the authors in the paper of "The Analysis of Complex Motion in Cam Mechanism". This method is also convenient to solve rapidly and mechanically the actual accelerations in any type of four-bar linkage mechanisms and multi-bar linkage mechanisms, for instance, six-bar linkage mechanisms.
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  • Friction of Plastics
    Keimin KAWASAKI
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1707-1712
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1707
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    Studies of friction of plastics have been carried out from several angles developing from those of metals. Among them, the modified adhesion theory of Pascoe-Tabor is recongnized as one of the reasonables. They develop the ordinary adhesion theory by assuming that apperent area of contact equals to real area of contact basing on the experimental fact that the characteristics of contacting deformation of plastics is not plastic but intermediate between plastic and elastic. However, the physical meaning of real area of contact is not definite except plastic deformation of contact. Moreover, in the present studies of friction of plastics, rheological characteristics of plastics (time dependence) is not quantitatively considered. In this paper, theory does not start from the concept of real area of contact but from that of work done by adhesion adding the factors of time dependence. Thus induced theory is verified by frictional experiment of several plastics.
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  • Research on Externally Pressurized Journal Gas Bearing
    Haruo MORI, Isao SHIZUMA, Toshiyuki SHIBAYAMA, Tetsuzo YAMAMOTO
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1713-1719
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1713
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    The theoretical research on externally pressurized journal gas-bearings has been reported by T.Sasaki and H.Mori. In their paper, the experimental data employed in comparison with the theoretical results were for the bearing with single gas supply hole without restriction. It is general to use externally pressurized gas-bearing with multiple gas supply holes arranged circumferentially and axially. In this paper, gas-bearing with multiple gas supply holes is designed theoretically and the pressure distribution, flow rate, and optimum restriction were examined and compared with the complex potential theory. The experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical results.
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  • The Theoretical Research on the Blanking of the Sheet Material : Elastic Deformation of Sheet Materials in Early Stages of the Blanking
    Takashi JIMMA
    1962 Volume 28 Issue 196 Pages 1719-1723
    Published: December 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.28.1719
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